Reference | ISO Definitions

This reference resource provides a listing of space-based remote sensing platforms.

Reference Details

TITLE	List of ISO Definitions
DESCRIPTION	This glossary of terms and definitions is provided as a reference to commonly utilized terms in the ISO community.
Data Source	OSCAR Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc211/home/re.html
Last Update	2023-10-26

Note

The ISO/TC 211 Multi-Lingual Glossary of Terms has been compiled from International Standards developed by ISO/TC 211. Its purpose is to encourage consistency in the use and interpretation of geospatial terms. It is being made freely available to all interested people and organizations.

Important

The ISO source references provided in this glossary are for reference only. Notation of an ISO standard in this glossary does not constitute or imply endorsement. Adoption of ISO standards on a National basis must comply with national, statutory, regulatory, and or other guidance.

Reference Definitions

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has developed a set of standards related to metadata, which are known as ISO Elements metadata standards. These standards provide guidelines and best practices for creating and managing metadata for various purposes, including data interchange, information retrieval, and data preservation. Here are some of the ISO metadata standards:

Note

This resource is being actively developed. The list may not be comprehensive at this time.

Term
Definition: Definition ISO Reference

a posteriori classification: Definition: classification scheme based upon definition of classes after clustering the field samples collected ISO 19144-1:2009
a priori classification: Definition: classification scheme structured so that the classes are abstract conceptualizations of the types actually occurring ISO 19144-1:2009
abbreviation: Definition: designation formed by omitting words or letters from a longer form and designating the same concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.9
absolute accuracy: Definition: closeness of reported coordinate values to values accepted as or being true ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.1
abstract root <programming>: Definition: common root classifier of a category which is a superclass of any other classifier in the category ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.1
abstract test case: Definition: generalized test for a particular requirement ISO 19105:2000
abstract test method: Definition: method for testing implementation independent of any particular test procedure ISO 19105:2000
abstract test module: Definition: set of related abstract test cases ISO 19105:2000
abstract test suite: Definition: abstract test module specifying all the requirements to be satisfied for conformance ISO 19105:2000
acceptance testing <user>: Definition: process of determining whether an implementation satisfies acceptance criteria and enables the user to determine whether to accept the implementation ISO 19105:2000
access control: Definition: combination of authentication and authorization ISO 19153:2014, 4.1
access point: Definition: location where travellers can enter or exit a transfer node ISO 19147:2015, 3.1
access rights information: Definition: information that identifies the access restrictions pertaining to the content information, including the legal framework, licensing terms, and access control ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
access software: Definition: type of software that presents part of or all of the information content of an information object in forms understandable to humans or systems ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
accessibility: Definition: ability to access and benefit from the functionality provided by a service or a facility ISO 19147:2015, 3.2
accessibility information: Definition: information about accessibility issues ISO 19147:2015, 3.3
accuracy: Definition: closeness of agreement between a test result and the accepted reference value ISO 3534-1:1993
accuracy: Definition: closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value ISO 3534-2:2006
accuracy of measurement: Definition: closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value ISO 6709:2008, 4.1, modified – The preferred term is “measurement accuracy” rather than “accuracy” and Notes 1 to 3 have been added.
active object: Definition: object which is capable of independent actions, and therefore capable of initiating interactions between itself and other objects without immediate prior external stimulation ISO 19132:2007
active sensing system: Definition: sensing system that emits energy that the sensor uses to perform the sensing ISO/TS 19130:2010
active sensing system: Definition: sensing system that emits energy that the sensor uses to perform sensing ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.1
active sensor: Definition: sensor that generates the energy that it uses to perform the sensing ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.1
active sonar: Definition: type of active sensor that transmits sound waves into the water and receives the returned waves echoed from objects in the water ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.2
actor <UML>: Definition: coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with these use cases ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
address: Definition: structured information that allows the unambiguous determination of an object for purposes of identification and location ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.1
address alias: Definition: one of a set of addresses unambiguously determining the same addressable object ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.3
address class: Definition: description of a set of addresses that share the same address components, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.4
address component: Definition: constituent part of the address ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.5
address position: Definition: position representing the address ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.7
address reference system: Definition: defined set of address components and the rules for their combination into addresses ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.8
address rendition <postal>: Definition: process in which the rendered address is created ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.18
addressable object: Definition: object that may be assigned an address ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.2
addressee: Definition: party who is the ultimate recipient of a delivery item or service ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.3
addressing: Definition: activities involving addresses ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.6
adjustable model parameters: Definition: model parameters that can be refined using available additional information, such as ground control points, to improve or enhance modelling corrections ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.2
administrative source: Definition: source with the administrative description (where applicable) of the parties involved, the rights, restrictions and responsibilities created and the basic administrative units affected ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.1
admitted term: Definition: term rated according to the scale of the term acceptability rating as a synonym for a preferred term ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.16, modified — the Note 1 to entry has been added.
affine coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system in Euclidean space with straight axes that are not necessarily mutually perpendicular ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.1
agency: Definition: legal relationship of a person (called the agent) who acts on behalf of another person, company, or government (called the principal) ISO 19153:2014, 4.2
agent: Definition: one who acts on behalf of another ISO 19153:2014, 4.3
aggregation <UML>: Definition: special form of association that specifies a whole-part relationship between the aggregate (whole) and a component part UML 1
AIP edition: Definition: AIP whose content information or preservation description information has been upgraded or improved with the intent not to preserve information, but to increase or improve it ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 2 to entry.
AIP version: Definition: AIP whose content information or preservation description information has undergone a transformation on a source AIP and is a candidate to replace the source AIP ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
along-track: Definition: direction in which the sensor platform moves ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.3
altitude: Definition: distance of a point from a chosen reference surface along a line perpendicular to that surface ISO 19116:2004
altitude: Definition: height where the chosen reference surface is mean sea level ISO 6709:2008
ambient intelligence: Definition: convergence of ubiquitous computing, ubiquitous communication, and interfaces adapting to the user ISO 19154:2014, 4.1
annotation: Definition: any marking on illustrative material for the purpose of clarification ISO 19117:2012, 4.1
annotation <OWL>: Definition: additional information associated to ontologies, entities, and axioms OWL
annotation property <OWL>: Definition: element used to provide a textual annotation for an ontology, axiom, or an IRI OWL
antenna pattern: Definition: ratio of the electronic-field strength radiated in the direction θ to that radiated in the beam-maximum direction ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.2
aperture reference point: Definition: 3D location of the centre of the synthetic aperture ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.4
application: Definition: manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.1
application ontology: Definition: ontology representing the concepts and relationships in an application schema ISO 19150-2:2015, 4.1.4
application schema: Definition: conceptual schema for data required by one or more applications ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.2
arc <geometry>: Definition: segment of a curve ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.2
archival information package: Definition: information package, consisting of the content information and the associated preservation description information (PDI), which is preserved within an OAIS ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
area recording: Definition: instantaneously recording an image in a single frame ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.5
association <UML>: Definition: semantic relationship between two or more classifiers that specifies connections among their instances ISO/IEC 19501
association <UML>: Definition: semantic relationship that can occur between typed instances UML 2
associative concept system: Definition: concept system based on associative, i.e. thematic or pragmatic, relations ISO 12620:1999 (derived from)
associative concept system: Definition: concept system based on associative relations ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.1
associative relation: Definition: relation between two concepts having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experience ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.23
attitude: Definition: orientation of a body, described by the angles between the axes of that body’s coordinate system and the axes of an external coordinate system ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.3
attribute: Definition: named property of an entity ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121440, modified — Note 1 to entry replaces Notes 1 and 2 to entry.
attribute <UML>: Definition: feature within a classifier that describes a range of values that instances of the classifier may hold UML 1
attribute <XML>: Definition: name-value pair contained in an element ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.3
attribute event: Definition: value of an attribute of a feature that may apply to only part of the feature ISO 19148:2012, 4.1
attributed feature: Definition: feature along which an attribute event applies ISO 19148:2012, 4.2
authentication: Definition: verification that a potential partner in a conversation is capable of representing a person or organization W3C, Web Services Glossary
authorization: Definition: determination whether a subject is allowed to have the specified types of access to a particular resource ISO 19153:2014, 4.5
azimuth resolution <SAR>: Definition: resolution in the cross-range direction ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.7
backscattering coefficient: Definition: average radar cross section per unit area ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.6
bag: Definition: finite, unordered collection of related items (objects or values) that may be repeated ISO 19107:2003
band: Definition: range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that produce a single response by a sensing device. ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.1
bare earth elevation: Definition: height of the natural terrain free from vegetation as well as buildings and other man-made structures ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.3
barycentric coordinates <coordinate geometry>: Definition: The definition is located in Linked Files609_3_3_Def.doc ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.3
base representation <moving features>: Definition: representation, using a local origin and local ordinate vectors, of a geometric object at a given reference time ISO 19141:2008
base standard: Definition: ISO geographic information standard or other information technology standard that is used as a source from which a profile may be constructed ISO 19106:2004
basic administrative unit: Definition: administrative entity, subject to registration (by law), or recordation [by informal right , or customary right, or another social tenure relationship], consisting of zero or more spatial units against which (one or more) unique and homogeneous rights [e.g. ownership right or land use right], responsibilities or restrictions are associated to the whole entity, as included in a land administration system ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.2
basic service: Definition: service providing a basic function to other services or applications in a functional manner ISO 19132:2007
basic test: Definition: initial capability test intended to identify clear cases of non-conformance ISO 19105:2000
beam width <SAR>: Definition: useful angular width of the beam of electromagnetic energy ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.8
bearing: Definition: horizontal angle at a point relative to a specified direction ISO 19162:2019(E), 3.1.2
bearing: Definition: horizontal angle, tangent or direction at a point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.4
behaviour <UML>: Definition: observable effects of an operation or event, including its results ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
bicontinuous <mathematics>: Definition: invertible, continuous and with a continuous inverse ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.5
binding: Definition: specification of a mapping relating the information defined in a content model (data and metadata) to the data format that carries that information ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.2
blooming: Definition: overflow of an over-saturated signal of one pixel to the neighbouring pixel ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.1
boresight: Definition: calibration of a lidar sensor system, equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), to accurately determine or establish its position and orientation ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.4
boundary: Definition: set that represents the limit of an entity ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.6
boundary face: Definition: face that is used in the 3-dimensional representation of a boundary of a spatial unit ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.4
boundary face string: Definition: boundary forming part of the outside of a spatial unit ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.5
breakline: Definition: linear feature that describes a change in the smoothness or continuity of a surface ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.5
broader concept: Definition: concept which is either a generic concept or a comprehensive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.13
broadside <SAR>: Definition: direction orthogonal to the velocity vector and parallel to the plane tangent to the Earth’s ellipsoid at the nadir point of the ARP ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.9
buffer: Definition: geometric object that contains all direct positions whose distance from a specified geometric object is less than or equal to a given distance ISO 19107:2003
buffer: Definition: geometric object containing all points and only those points whose distance from a specified geometric object is less than or equal to a given distance use in its construction ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.7
building unit: Definition: component of building (the legal, recorded or informal space of the physical entity) ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.6
bypass: Definition: mechanism to defeat the purpose of a subsystem by avoiding its invocation W3C, Web Services Glossary
calendar: Definition: discrete temporal reference system that provides a basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day ISO 19108:2002
calendar era: Definition: sequence of periods of one of the types used in a calendar, counted from a specified event ISO 19108:2002
calibrated focal length: Definition: distance between the perspective centre and the image plane that is the result of balancing positive and negative radial lens distortions during sensor calibration ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.10
calibration: Definition: process of quantitatively defining a system’s responses to known, controlled signal inputs CEOS WGCV
calibration coefficient: Definition: ratio of SAR image pixel power to radar cross section without considering additive noise, after the processor gain is normalized to one, and elevation antenna pattern, range and atmospheric attenuation are all corrected ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.8
calibration curve: Definition: expression of the relation between indication and corresponding measured quantity value ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 4.31
calibration validation: Definition: process of assessing the validity of parameters ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.4
candidate route: Definition: any route that satisfies all constraints of the routing request with the possible exception of optimality of the cost function ISO 19133:2005
capability: Definition: real-world effect that a service provider is able to provide to a service consumer SOA-RAF
capability test: Definition: test designed to determine whether an IUT conforms to a particular characteristic of an International Standard as described in the test purpose ISO 19105:2000
cardinality <UML>: Definition: number of elements in a set UML 1
Cartesian coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system which gives the position of points relative to n mutually perpendicular axes that each has zero curvature ISO 19162:2015, 4.1.3
Cartesian coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system which gives the position of points relative to n mutually perpendicular axes ISO 19111:2007, 4.2
Cartesian coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system in Euclidean space which gives the position of points relative to n mutually perpendicular straight axes all having the same unit of measure ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.2
catalogue: Definition: collection of items or an electronic or paper document that contains information about the collection of items ISO 10303‑227:2005, 3.3.10, modified - Note has been deleted.
chain of agency: Definition: sequence of agency where the agent in each relationship is the principal of the next in the chain ISO 19153:2014, 4.7
chain of licence: Definition: sequence of licences that traces a chain of agency, where a licence is granted at each link of the chain, allowing the agent at that link to act as the principal in the next ISO 19153:2014, 4.8
character: Definition: member of a set of elements that is used for the representation, organization, or control of data ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993
characteristic: Definition: abstraction of a property of an object or of a set of objects ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.4
check point: Definition: point in object space (ground) used to estimate the positional accuracy of a geospatial dataset against an independent source of greater accuracy ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.8
checkpoint: Definition: point in object space (ground) used to estimate the positional accuracy of a geospatial dataset against an independent source of greater accuracy ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.8
child address: Definition: address defined relative to a parent address ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.9
child addressable object: Definition: addressable object that is addressed relative to another addressable object ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.10
child element <XML>: Definition: immediate descendant element of an element ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.5
circular sequence: Definition: sequence which has no logical beginning and is therefore equivalent to any circular shift of itself; hence the last item in the sequence is considered to precede the first item in the sequence ISO 19107:2003
citation: Definition: information object containing information that directs a reader’s or user’s attention from one resource to another ISO 24619:2011, 3.1.16
clarification: Definition: non-substantive change to a register item ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.1
class <OWL>: Definition: set of individuals OWL
class <UML>: Definition: description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics UML 1
classification: Definition: abstract representation of real world phenomena using classifiers ISO 19144-1:2009
classification system: Definition: system for assigning objects to classes ISO 19144-1:2009
classified object: Definition: spatial object, temporal object, or spatiotemporal object assigned to a specific legend class ISO 19144-1:2009
classifier: Definition: definition used to assign objects to legend classes ISO 19144-1:2009
classifier <UML>: Definition: mechanism that describes behavioural and structural features ISO/IEC 19501
classifier <UML>: Definition: mechanism that describes behavioural and structural features in any combination UML 1
client: Definition: software component that can invoke an operation from a server ISO 19128:2005
closure: Definition: union of the interior and boundary of a topological or geometric object ISO 19107:2003
closure: Definition: union of the interior and boundary of a topological object or geometric object ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.8
cluster: Definition: collection of targets potentially heterogeneous (each satisfying a different query criteria) whose locations fall within a small neighbourhood. ISO 19132:2007
coboundary: Definition: set of topological primitives of higher topological dimension associated with a particular topological object, such that this topological object is in each of their boundaries ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.9
code: Definition: representation of a label according to a specified scheme ISO 19118:2011, 4.3
codelist: Definition: value domain including a code for each permissible value ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.7
codespace: Definition: rule or authority for a code, name, term or category ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.8
co-domain <mathematics>: Definition: acceptable target values of a function ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.80
complex feature: Definition: feature composed of other features ISO 19109:2015, 4.3
complex image: Definition: first-level product produced by processing SAR Phase History Data ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.11
complex symbol: Definition: symbol composed of other symbols of different types ISO 19117:2012, 4.3
component <postal address>: Definition: constituent part of a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.12
component <UML>: Definition: modular, deployable, and replaceable part of a system that encapsulates implementation and exposes a set of interfaces ISO/IEC 19501
component <UML>: Definition: representation of a modular part of a system that encapsulates its contents and whose manifestation is replaceable within its environment UML 2
composite curve: Definition: sequence of curves such that each curve (except the first) starts at the end point of the previous curve in the sequence ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.9
composite solid: Definition: connected set of solids adjoining one another along shared boundary surfaces ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.10
composite surface: Definition: connected set of surfaces adjoining one another along shared boundary curves ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.11
composition <UML>: Definition: form of aggregation which requires that a part instance be included in at most one composite at a time, and that the composite object is responsible for the creation and destruction of the parts ISO/IEC 19501
composition <UML>: Definition: aggregation where the composite object (whole) has responsibility for the existence and storage of the composed objects (parts) UML 2
compound coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system using at least two independent coordinate reference systems ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.3
compound registry: Definition: registry containing multiple registers that share the same item classes and coordinated management of a common characteristic ISO 19126:2009
compound symbol: Definition: symbol composed of other symbols of the same type ISO 19117:2012, 4.4
compression: Definition: technique used for the reduction of space used by data ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.1
compression service: Definition: service that accomplishes compression ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.2
computational geometry: Definition: manipulation of and calculations with geometric representations for the implementation of geometric operations ISO 19107:2003
computational topology: Definition: topological concepts, structures and algebra that aid, enhance or define operations on topological objects usually performed in computational geometry ISO 19107:2003
computational viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on a system and its environment that enables distribution through functional decomposition of the system into objects which interact at interfaces ISO/IEC 10746-3:1996
computational viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment that enables distribution through functional decomposition of the system into objects which interact at interfaces ISO/IEC 10746-3:2015, 4.1.1.3
concatenated operation: Definition: coordinate operation consisting of sequential application of multiple coordinate operations ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.4
concept: Definition: unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.1
concept field: Definition: unstructured set of thematically related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.10
concept harmonization: Definition: activity leading to the establishment of a correspondence between two or more closely related or overlapping concepts having professional, technical, scientific, social, economic, linguistic, cultural or other differences, in order to eliminate or reduce minor differences between them ISO 860:2007, 3.1
concept system: Definition: set of concepts structured according to the relations among them ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11
conceptual formalism: Definition: set of modelling concepts used to describe a conceptual model ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.4
conceptual model: Definition: model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.5
conceptual schema: Definition: formal description of a conceptual model ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.6
conceptual schema language: Definition: formal language based on a conceptual formalism for the purpose of representing conceptual schemas ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.7
conditional feature portrayal function: Definition: function that maps a geographic feature to a symbol based on some condition evaluated against a property or attribute of a feature ISO 19117:2012, 4.5
conformal, adj.: Definition: angle-preserving ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.10
conformance: Definition: fulfilment of specified requirements ISO 19105:2000
conformance assessment process: Definition: process for assessing the conformance of an implementation to an International Standard ISO 19105:2000
conformance clause: Definition: clause defining what is necessary in order to meet the requirements of the International Standard ISO 19105:2000
conformance quality level: Definition: threshold value or set of threshold values for data quality results used to determine how well a dataset meets the criteria set forth in its product specification or user requirements ISO 19114:2003, 4.1
conformance quality level: Definition: threshold value or set of threshold values for data quality results used to determine how well a dataset meets the criteria set forth in its data product specification or user requirements ISO 19157:2013, 4.4
conformance test report: Definition: summary of the conformance to the International Standard as well as all the details of the testing that supports the given overall summary ISO 19105:2000
conformance testing: Definition: testing of a product to determine the extent to which the product is a conforming implementation ISO 19105:2000
conforming implementation: Definition: implementation which satisfies the requirements ISO 19105:2000
connected: Definition: property of a geometric object implying that any two direct positions on the object can be placed on a curve that remains totally within the object ISO 19107:2003
connected: Definition: property of a topological space implying that only the entire space or the empty set are the only subsets which are both open and closed ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.11
connected node: Definition: node that starts or ends one or more edges ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.12
constraint: Definition: restriction on how a link or turn may be traversed by a vehicle, such as vehicle classification, physical or temporal constraint ISO 19133:2005
constraint <UML>: Definition: semantic condition or restriction ISO/IEC 19501
constraint <UML>: Definition: condition or restriction expressed in natural language text or in a machine readable language for the purpose of declaring some of the semantics of an element UML 2
construct <postal address>: Definition: postal address component combining postal address elements which together form a logical portion of a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.13
content information: Definition: set of information that is the original target of preservation or that includes part or all of that information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
content model: Definition: information view of an application schemas ISO/TS 19129:2009
context: Definition: aspects or properties of an entity that affect the behaviour or expectations of that entity in any given situation ISO 19154:2014, 4.4
context-awareness: Definition: integrated operations to collect and deliver context specific information, and convert it to tailored data for each user ISO 19154:2014, 4.5
continuous change: Definition: change in an attribute whose type has a distance measure such that its value can be assumed to take on intermediate values between two known measurements ISO 19132:2007
continuous coverage: Definition: coverage that returns different values for the same feature attribute at different direct positions within a single spatial object, temporal object, or spatiotemporal object in its domain ISO 19123:2005
contract: Definition: agreement between two or more principals that creates in each principal a duty to do or not do something and a right to performance of the other’s duty or a remedy for the breach of the other’s duty FindLaw, modified
control body: Definition: group of technical experts that makes decisions regarding the content of a register ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.2
control point <coordinate geometry>: Definition: point used in the construction of a geometry that partially controls its shape but does not necessarily lie on the geometry ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.13
conversion: Definition: transformation from one format to another ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.3
conversion rule: Definition: rule for converting instances in the input data structure to instances in the output data structure ISO 19118:2011, 4.7
conversion service: Definition: service that invokes a converter ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.4
converter: Definition: resource that performs conversion ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.5
convex <geometry>: Definition: containing all points on a “line” joining two interior points ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.14
convex hull: Definition: smallest convex set containing a given geometric object ISO 19107:2019, 3.15
convex set: Definition: geometric set in which any direct position on the straight-line segment joining any two direct positions in the geometric set is also contained in the geometric set Dictionary of Computing, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press
coordinate: Definition: one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space ISO 19111:2007
coordinate: Definition: one of a sequence of numbers designating the position of a point ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.5
coordinate conversion: Definition: coordinate operation in which both coordinate reference systems are based on the same datum ISO 19111:2007
coordinate conversion: Definition: coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a target coordinate reference system in which both coordinate reference systems are based on the same datum ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.6
coordinate dimension: Definition: number of measurements or axes needed to describe a position in a coordinate system ISO 19107:2003
coordinate dimension <coordinate geometry>: Definition: number of separate decisions needed to describe a position in a coordinate system ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.17
coordinate epoch: Definition: epoch to which coordinates in a dynamic coordinate reference system are referenced ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.7
coordinate operation: Definition: change of coordinates, based on a one-to-one relationship, from one coordinate reference system to another ISO 19111:2007
coordinate operation: Definition: process using a mathematical model, based on a one-to-one relationship, that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a target coordinate reference system, or that changes coordinates at a source coordinate epoch to coordinates at a target coordinate epoch within the same coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.8
coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate system that is related to an object by a datum ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.9
coordinate set: Definition: collection of coordinate tuples related to the same coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2007
coordinate set: Definition: collection of coordinate tuples referenced to the same coordinate reference system and if that coordinate reference system is dynamic also to the same coordinate epoch ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.10
coordinate system: Definition: set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.11
coordinate transformation: Definition: coordinate operation in which the two coordinate reference systems are based on different datums ISO 19111:2007
coordinate transformation: Definition: coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a target coordinate reference system in which the source and target coordinate reference systems are based on different datums ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.12
coordinate tuple: Definition: tuple composed of a sequence of coordinates ISO 19111:2007
coordinate tuple: Definition: tuple composed of coordinates ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.13
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): Definition: time scale maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) that forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time ITU-R Rec.TF.686-1 (1997)
copyleft: Definition: licence that accompanies some open source software that details how the software and its accompanying source code can be freely copied, distributed and modified ISO 19153:2014, 4.10
correction: Definition: compensation for an estimated systematic effect ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.53
correctness: Definition: correspondence with the universe of discourse ISO 19157:2013, 4.5
Correspondence Model: Definition: functional relationship between ground and image coordinates based on the correlation between a set of ground control points and their corresponding image coordinates ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.14
cost function: Definition: function that associates a measure (cost) to a route ISO 19133:2005
coupling: Definition: linkage of two or more software systems through information transfer or messaging ISO 19132:2007
coverage: Definition: feature that acts as a function to return values from its range for any direct position within its spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain ISO 19123:2005
coverage geometry: Definition: configuration of the domain of a coverage described in terms of coordinates ISO 19123:2005
cross-map entry: Definition: part of a cross-mapping data collection which documents the cross-mapped relationships between two concepts ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.6
cross-map register: Definition: register of cross-map entries ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.7
cross-mapping: Definition: comparison of terminology entries from different domains to determine their semantic equivalence ISO 19146:2010
cross-mapping: Definition: comparison of terminological entries from different domains to determine their semantic relationship ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.8
cross-talk: Definition: any signal or circuit unintentionally affecting another signal or circuit ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.10
cross-track: Definition: perpendicular to the direction in which the collection platform moves ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.15
curvature vector <differential geometry>: Definition: second derivative of a curve parameterized by arc length, at a point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.19
curve: Definition: 1-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.17
curve segment: Definition: 1-dimensional geometric object used to represent a continuous component of a curve using homogeneous interpolation and definition methods ISO 19107:2003
customer: Definition: organization or person that receives a product ISO 9000:2005
cycle <geometry, topology>: Definition: bounded spatial object with an empty boundary ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.20
cycle<geometry>: Definition: spatial object without a boundary ISO 19107:2003
cylindrical coordinate system: Definition: three-dimensional coordinate system with two distance and one angular coordinates ISO 19111:2007
cylindrical coordinate system: Definition: three-dimensional coordinate system in Euclidean space in which position is specified by two linear coordinates and one angular coordinate ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.14
dark current: Definition: output current of a photoelectric detector (or of its cathode) in the absence of incident radiation ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.6
dark current noise: Definition: noise of current at the output of a detector, when no optical radiation is sensed ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.7
dark signal non uniformity: Definition: response of a detector element if no visible or infrared light is present ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.8
data: Definition: reinterpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993
data category: Definition: result of the specification of a specific type of terminological data ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.1.4
data compaction: Definition: reduction of the number of data elements, bandwidth, cost, and time for the generation, transmission, and storage of data without loss of information by eliminating unnecessary redundancy, removing irrelevancy, or using special coding ANSI T1.523-2001
data compression: Definition: reducing either the amount of storage space required to store a given amount of data, or the length of message required to transfer a given amount of information ISO/TS 19129:2009
data dictionary: Definition: formal repository of terms used to describe data ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
data dissemination session: Definition: delivery of media or a single telecommunications session that provides data to a consumer ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
data element: Definition: unit of data that, in a certain context, is considered indivisible ISO 19118:2005, 4.9
data interchange: Definition: delivery, receipt and interpretation of data ISO 19118:2011, 4.9
data level: Definition: level containing data describing specific instances ISO 19101:2002, 4.8
data point <coordinate geometry>: Definition: point that lies on the geometry ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.21
data product: Definition: dataset or dataset series that conforms to a data product specification ISO 19131:2007
data product specification: Definition: detailed description of a dataset or dataset series together with additional information that will enable it to be created, supplied to and used by another party ISO 19131:2007
data property <OWL>: Definition: semantic association between an individual and a typed literal OWL
data quality basic measure: Definition: generic data quality measure used as a basis for the creation of specific data quality measures ISO 19157:2013, 4.7
data quality date: Definition: date or range of dates on which a data quality measure is applied ISO 19113:2002, 4.4
data quality element: Definition: quantitative component documenting the quality of a dataset ISO 19101:2002, 4.9
data quality evaluation procedure: Definition: operation(s) used in applying and reporting quality evaluation methods and their results ISO 19113:2002, 4.6
data quality measure: Definition: evaluation of a data quality subelement ISO 19113:2002, 4.7
data quality overview element: Definition: non-quantitative component documenting the quality of a dataset ISO 19101:2002, 4.10
data quality result: Definition: value or set of values resulting from applying a data quality measure or the outcome of evaluating the obtained value or set of values against a specified conformance quality level ISO 19113:2002, 4.9
data quality scope: Definition: extent or characteristic(s) of the data for which quality information is reported ISO 19113:2002, 4.10
data quality subelement: Definition: component of a data quality element describing a certain aspect of that data quality element ISO 19113:2002, 4.11
data quality value type: Definition: value type for reporting a data quality result ISO 19113:2002, 4.12
data quality value unit: Definition: value unit for reporting a data quality result ISO 19113:2002, 4.13
data submission session: Definition: delivery of media or a single telecommunications session that provides data to an OAIS ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
data transfer: Definition: movement of data from one point to another over a medium ISO 19118:2011, 4.10
data type: Definition: specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain ISO 19103:2015, 4.14
dataset: Definition: identifiable collection of data ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3
dataset series: Definition: collection of datasets sharing the same product specification ISO 19115:2003, 4.3
dataset series: Definition: collection of datasets sharing common characteristics ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.4
datatype <OWL>: Definition: entities that refer to a set of concrete data values OWL
datum: Definition: parameter or set of parameters that define the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a coordinate system ISO 19111:2007
datum: Definition: parameter or set of parameters that realize the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a coordinate system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.15
datum ensemble: Definition: group of multiple realizations of the same terrestrial or vertical reference system that, for approximate spatial referencing purposes, are not significantly different ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.16
day: Definition: period having a duration nominally equivalent to the periodic time of the Earth’s rotation around its axis ISO 19108:2002
definition: Definition: representation of a concept by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.3.1
Delaunay triangulation: Definition: network of triangles such that the circle passing through the vertices of any triangle does not contain, in its interior, the vertex of any other triangle ISO 19123:2005
delimiting characteristic: Definition: essential characteristic used for distinguishing a concept from related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.7
delivery <postal>: Definition: process in which a postal item leaves the responsibility of the postal operator through being handed over to, or left for collection by, the addressee, the mailee or an authorized representative, or deposited in a private letter box accessible to one or other of these ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.4
delivery address <postal>: Definition: postal address which the postal operator is requested to use to deliver the postal item ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.5
delivery point <postal>: Definition: physical location recognized by a postal operator as a valid location at which delivery may occur ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.6
dependency <UML>: Definition: relationship between two modelling elements, in which a change to one modelling element (the independent element) will affect the other modelling element (the dependent element) ISO/IEC 19501
dependency <UML>: Definition: relationship that signifies that a single or a set of model elements requires other model elements for their specification or implementation UML 2
deprecated term: Definition: term rated according to the scale of the term acceptability rating as undesired ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.17
depression angle: Definition: vertical angle from the platform horizontal plane to the slant range direction, usually measured at the ARP ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.13
depth: Definition: distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured downward along a line perpendicular to that surface ISO 19111:2007
depth: Definition: distance of a point from a chosen vertical reference surface downward along a line that is perpendicular to that surface ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.17
derived coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system that is defined through the application of a specified coordinate conversion to the coordinates within a previously established coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.18
design coordinate reference system: Definition: engineering coordinate reference system in which the base representation of a moving object is specified ISO 19141:2008
designated community: Definition: identified group of potential consumers who should be able to understand a particular set of information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
designation: Definition: representation of a concept by a sign which denotes it ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1
designator: Definition: representation of a concept by a sign which denotes it ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1
detector: Definition: device that generates an output signal in response to an energy input ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.18
deviation: Definition: divergence from a plan or the normal situation ISO 19147:2015, 3.4
diameter <metric>: Definition: maximum distance between two points in the set of points ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.22
Differential Global Navigational Satellite System: Definition: enhancement to Global Positioning System that uses GNSS and DGNSS to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite systems and the known fixed positions ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.14
digital elevation model: Definition: dataset of elevation values that are assigned algorithmically to 2-dimensional coordinates ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.5
digital item: Definition: structured digital object [asset, work, service, data or information] with a standard representation, identification and metadata framework ISO/IEC TR 21000-1:2004
digital licence: Definition: document or its representation that specifies the rights granted to a particular user or organization with respect to a specific content or group of content ISO 19153:2014, 4.11
digital migration: Definition: transfer of digital information, while intending to preserve it, within the OAIS ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
digital number: Definition: integer value representing a measurement as detected by a sensor ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.6
digital object: Definition: object composed of a set of bit sequences ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
digital rights management: Definition: packaging, distributing, controlling, and tracking content based on rights and licensing information ISO 19153:2014, 4.12
digital surface model: Definition: digital elevation model (DEM) that depicts the elevations of the top surfaces of buildings, trees, towers, and other features elevated above the bare earth ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.12
digital terrain model: Definition: digital elevation model (DEM) that incorporates the elevation of important topographic features on the land. ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.13
Dijkstra graph: Definition: positively weighted directed graph appropriately configured to execute a shortest path search ISO 19133:2005
direct evaluation method: Definition: method of evaluating the quality of a dataset based on inspection of the items within the dataset ISO 19157:2013, 4.10
direct geodetic problem <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: problem that given a point on a surface and the direction and distance from that point to a second point along a geodesic, determines that second point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.39
direct position: Definition: position described by a single set of coordinates within a coordinate reference system ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.20
directed edge: Definition: directed topological object that represents an association between an edge and one of its orientations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.23
directed face: Definition: directed topological object that represents an association between a face and one of its orientations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.24
directed node: Definition: directed topological object that represents an association between a node and one of its orientations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.25
directed solid: Definition: directed topological object that represents an association between a topological solid and one of its orientations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.26
directed topological object: Definition: topological object that represents a logical association between a topological primitive and one of its orientations ISO 19107:2003
discrete change: Definition: change in an attribute value such that it can be assumed to have changed without having taken intermediate values between two known measurements ISO 19132:2007
discrete coverage: Definition: coverage that returns the same feature attribute values for every direct position within any single spatial object, temporal object, or spatiotemporal object in its domain ISO 19123:2005
discrete spatiotemporal object: Definition: temporal sequence of object representations depicting the same spatial feature at different times ISO 19132:2007
dissemination information package: Definition: information package, derived from one or more AIPs, and sent by archives to the consumer in response to a request to the OAIS ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
distance <geometry, metric spaces>: Definition: minimal length of a curve that joins the two points or geometries ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.27
distance measure: Definition: measure of the pairs of values of an attribute type that assigns a numeric value that is positive, symmetric and satisfies the triangular inequality ISO 19132:2007
distance metric: Definition: measure of the pairs of values of an attribute type that assigns a numeric value that is positive, symmetric, and satisfies the triangular inequality ISO 19132:2007
distribution transparency: Definition: property of hiding from a particular user the potential behaviour of some parts of a distributed system ISO/IEC 10746-2:2009, 11.1.1
document <XML>: Definition: well-formed data object W3C XML
domain: Definition: well-defined set ISO 19109:2015, 4.8
domain <general vocabulary): Definition: distinct area of human knowledge to which a terminological record is assigned ISO 12620:1999 (derived from)
domain <general vocabulary>: Definition: distinct area of human knowledge to which a terminological entry is assigned ISO 19104:2016, 4.11
domain <ontology>: Definition: restriction to constrain the subject class which participates in a subject-predicate-object triple ISO 19150-4:2019(E), 3.1.12
domain <postal address>: Definition: an area in which a set of specific postal address types and postal address renderings is prescribed by postal operators ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.14
domain concept: Definition: concept that is associated with a specific domain ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.13
domain feature: Definition: feature of a type defined within a particular application domain ISO 19156:2011, 4.4
Doppler angle <SAR>: Definition: angle between the velocity vector and the range vector. ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.19
Doppler shift: Definition: wavelength change resulting from relative motion of source and detector ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.20
draught: Definition: vertical distance, at any section of a vessel from the surface of the water to the bottom of the keel IHO Hydrographic Dictionary, S-32, Fifth Edition
dynamic conversion: Definition: online and real time conversion of data ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.8
dynamic coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system that has a dynamic reference frame ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.19
dynamic datum: Definition: reference frame in which the defining parameters include time evolution ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.20
dynamic reference frame: Definition: reference frame in which the defining parameters include time evolution ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.20
easting: Definition: distance in a coordinate system, eastwards (positive) or westwards (negative) from a north-south reference line ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.21
edge: Definition: 1-dimensional topological primitive ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.29
edge-node graph: Definition: graph embedded within a topological complex composed of all of the edges and connected nodes within that complex ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.30
e-government: Definition: digital interaction between a government and citizens, government and businesses, and between government agencies ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.10
element <postal address>: Definition: postal address component that has a well-defined conceptual meaning with significance for customer or postal processing purposes and is not itself made up of subordinate components ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.15
element <XML>: Definition: basic information item of an XML document containing child elements, attributes and character data ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.23
ellipsoid: Definition: surface formed by the rotation of an ellipse about a main axis ISO 19111:2007
ellipsoid <geodesy>: Definition: geometric reference surface embedded in 3D Euclidean space formed by an ellipse that is rotated about a main axis ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.22
ellipsoid <geodesy>: Definition: geometric reference surface embedded in 3D Euclidean space represented by an ellipsoid of revolution where the rotation is about the polar axis ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.31
ellipsoidal coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system in which position is specified by geodetic latitude, geodetic longitude and (in the three-dimensional case) ellipsoidal height ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.23
ellipsoidal height: Definition: distance of a point from the ellipsoid measured along the perpendicular from the ellipsoid to this point positive if upwards or outside of the ellipsoid ISO 19111:2007
ellipsoidal height: Definition: distance of a point from the reference ellipsoid along the perpendicular from the reference ellipsoid to this point, positive if upwards or outside of the reference ellipsoid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.24
ellipsoidal latitude: Definition: angle from the equatorial plane to the perpendicular to the ellipsoid through a given point, northwards treated as positive ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.32
ellipsoidal longitude: Definition: angle from the prime meridian plane to the meridian plane of a given point, eastward treated as positive ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.33
empty set <mathematics>: Definition: set without any elements ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.32
encoding: Definition: conversion of data into a series of codes ISO 19118:2011, 4.13
encoding rule: Definition: identifiable collection of conversion rules that define the encoding for a particular data structure ISO 19118:2011, 4.14
encoding service: Definition: software component that has an encoding rule implemented ISO 19118:2011, 4.15
end node: Definition: node in the boundary of an edge that corresponds to the end point of that edge as a curve in any valid geometric realization of a topological complex in which the edge is used ISO 19107:2003
end node <topology>: Definition: node in the boundary of an edge that corresponds to the end point of that edge ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.33
end point: Definition: last point of a curve ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.34
engineering coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system based on an engineering datum ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.25
engineering datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a coordinate system to a local reference ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.26
engineering viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the mechanisms and functions required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.4
enterprise viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for that system ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.1
entity: Definition: something that has separate and distinct existence and objective or conceptual reality ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.6
epoch <geodesy>: Definition: point in time ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.27
error: Definition: discrepancy with the universe of discourse ISO/TS 19138:2006, 4.4
error: Definition: measured quantity value minus a reference quantity value ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.16
error budget <metric>: Definition: statement of or methodology for describing the nature and magnitude of the errors which affect the results of a calculation ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.35
error of measurement: Definition: measured quantity value minus a reference quantity value ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.16
error propagation: Definition: process of determining the uncertainties of derived quantities from the known uncertainties of the quantities on which the derived quantity is dependent ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.24
essential characteristic: Definition: characteristic which is indispensable to understanding a concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.6
evaluation<coverage>: Definition: determination of the values of a coverage at a direct position within the domain of the coverage ISO 19123:2005
event: Definition: action which occurs at an instant ISO 19108:2002
executable test case: Definition: specific test of an implementation to meet particular requirements ISO 19105:2000
executable test suite: Definition: set of executable test cases ISO 19105:2000
expected risk: Definition: expected value (statistics) of loss ISO 19153:2014, 4.13
exponential map <differential geometry>: Definition: function that maps tangent vectors at a point to end point of geodesic beginning at that point with an exit bearing equal to that of the vector and a length equal to that of the vector ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.36
ex-situ: Definition: referring to the study, maintenance or conservation of a specimen or population away from its natural surroundings ISO 19156:2011, 4.5
extension: Definition: totality of objects to which a concept corresponds ISO 1087-1:2000
exterior: Definition: difference between the universe and the closure ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.37
external accuracy: Definition: closeness of reported coordinate values to values accepted as or being true ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.1 modified - NOTES 1 and 2 have been deleted and replaced by a new Note 1 to entry.
external coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system whose datum is independent of the object that is located by it ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.25
external function: Definition: function not part of the application schema ISO 19117:2005, 4.5
face: Definition: 2-dimensional topological primitive ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.38
facility: Definition: physical installation or physical area that may be accessed and used ISO 19147:2015, 3.5
fail verdict: Definition: test verdict of non-conformance ISO 19105:2000
fair use: Definition: uses of content that are considered valid defences to copyright infringement, such as for criticism or educational purposes U.S. legal term derived from Title 17 of the United States Code, Section 107
falsification test: Definition: test to find errors in the implementation ISO 19105:2000
feature: Definition: abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11
feature <UML>: Definition: property of a classifier UML 2
feature association: Definition: relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type ISO 19110:2016, 3.3
feature association concept: Definition: concept that may be specified in detail as one or more feature association types ISO 19126:2009
feature attribute: Definition: characteristic of a feature ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.12
feature attribute concept: Definition: concept that may be specified in detail as one or more feature attribute types ISO 19126:2009
feature catalogue: Definition: catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature types, feature attributes, and feature relationships occurring in one or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature operations that may be applied ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.13
feature concept: Definition: concept that may be specified in detail as one or more feature types ISO 19126:2009
feature concept dictionary: Definition: dictionary that contains definitions of, and related descriptive information about, concepts that may be specified in detail in a feature catalogue ISO 19126:2009
feature division: Definition: feature succession in which a previously existing feature is replaced by two or more distinct feature instances of the same feature type ISO 19108:2002
feature event: Definition: information about the occurrence of a located feature along a locating feature ISO 19148:2012, 4.5
feature fusion: Definition: feature succession in which two or more previously existing instances of a feature type are replaced by a single instance of the same feature type ISO 19108:2002
feature identifier: Definition: identifier that uniquely designates a feature instance ISO 19142:2010
feature inheritance: Definition: mechanism by which more specific features incorporate structure and behaviour of more general features related by behaviour ISO 19110:2016, 3.6
feature instance: Definition: individual of a given feature type having specified feature attribute values ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.14
feature operation: Definition: operation that every instance of a feature type may perform ISO 19110:2016, 3.7
feature operation concept: Definition: concept that may be specified in detail as one or more feature operation types ISO 19126:2009
feature portrayal function: Definition: function that maps a geographic feature to a symbol ISO 19117:2012, 4.10
feature portrayal rule set: Definition: collection of portrayal rules that apply to a feature instance ISO 19117:2005, 4.8
feature reference: Definition: Uniform Resource Identifier that identifies a feature ISO 19143:2010
feature relationship: Definition: feature association or feature inheritance :term:`ISO 19110:2005/Amd 1:2011, `
feature substitution: Definition: feature succession in which one feature instance is replaced by another feature instance of the same or different feature type ISO 19108:2002
feature succession: Definition: replacement of one or more feature instances by other feature instances, such that the first feature instances cease to exist ISO 19108:2002
feature table: Definition: table where the columns represent feature attributes, and the rows represent features ISO 19125-2:2004
feature type: Definition: class of features having common characteristics ISO 19156:2011, 4.7
federated archives: Definition: group of archives that has agreed to provide access to their holdings via one or more common finding aids ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
fiducial centre: Definition: point determined on the basis of the camera fiducial marks ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.26
fiducial mark: Definition: index marks, typically four or eight rigidly connected with the camera body, which form images on the film negative and define the image coordinate reference system ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.27
field of regard: Definition: total angular extent over which the field of view (FOV) may be positioned Adapted from the Manual of Photogrammetry
field of view: Definition: instantaneous region seen by a sensor, provided in angular measure Manual of Photogrammetry
file: Definition: named set of records stored or processed as a unit ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993
filter capabilities XML: Definition: metadata, encoded in XML, that describes which predicates defined in this International Standard a system implements ISO 19143:2010
filter expression: Definition: predicate expression encoded using XML ISO 19143:2010
filter expression processor: Definition: component of a system that processes a filter expression ISO 19143:2010
first geodetic problem <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: problem that given a point on a surface and the direction and distance from that point to a second point along a geodesic, determines that second point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.39
first return: Definition: first reflected signal that is detected by a 3D imaging system, time of flight (TOF) type, for a given sampling position and a given emitted pulse Adapted from STM E2544
flattening: Definition: ratio of the difference between the semi-major (a) and semi-minor axis (b) of an ellipsoid to the semi-major axis; f = (a - b)/a ISO 19111:2007
flattening: Definition: ratio of the difference between the semi-major axis (a) and semi-minor axis (b) of an ellipsoid to the semi-major axis; f = (a – b)/a ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.28
foliation: Definition: one parameter set of geometries such that each point in the prism of the set is in one and only one trajectory and in one and only one leaf ISO 19141:2008
footprint: Definition: 2D extent or projection of a 3D object on a horizontal surface ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.40
format: Definition: language construct that specifies the representation, in character form, of data objects in a record, file, message, storage device, or transmission channel ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999
frame reference epoch: Definition: epoch of coordinates that define a dynamic reference frame ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.29
frame sensor: Definition: sensor that detects and collects all of the data for an image (frame / rectangle) at an instant of time ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.28
frame<LIDAR>: Definition: data collected by the receiver as a result of all returns from a single emitted pulse Adapted from NISTIR 7117
framework: Definition: relationship between the elements of the content model and the separate encoding and portrayal mechanisms ISO/TS 19129:2009
framework: Definition: logical structure for classifying and organizing complex information ISO/TS 27790:2009
free function <mathematics, programming>: Definition: function in an object-oriented programming language not associated to any object class ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.42
free text: Definition: textual information that can be expressed in one or many languages ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.6
full inspection: Definition: inspection of every item in a dataset ISO 19114:2003, 4.5
function: Definition: rule that associates each element from a domain (source, or domain of the function) to a unique element in another domain (target, co-domain, or range) ISO 19107:2003
function <mathematics, programming>: Definition: rule that associates each element from a domain (“source domain,” or “domain” of the function) to a unique element in another domain (“target domain,” “co-domain,” or “range” of the function) ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.41
functional language: Definition: language in which feature operations are formally specified ISO 19110:2016, 3.8
functional standard: Definition: existing geographic information standard, in active use by an international community of data producers and data users ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.17
fused image: Definition: image produced by fusing images from multiple sources ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.6
gazetteer: Definition: directory of instances of a class or classes of features containing some information regarding position ISO 19112:2003
gazetteer: Definition: register of location instances of one or more location sub-types, containing some information regarding position ISO 19112:2019(E), 3.1.1
geiger mode: Definition: photon counting mode for LIDAR systems, where the detector is biased and becomes sensitive to individual photons Adapted from Albota 2002
general concept: Definition: concept which corresponds to two or more objects which form a group by reason of common properties ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.3
general public licence: Definition: licence containing rights accorded to the general public without an existing agreement ISO 19153:2014, 4.15
generalization <UML>: Definition: taxonomic relationship between a more general element and a more specific element that is fully consistent with the more general element and contains additional information ISO/IEC 19501
generalization <UML>: Definition: taxonomic relationship between a more general element and a more specific element of the same element type UML 2
generic concept: Definition: concept in a generic relation having the narrower intension ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.15, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.
generic concept system: Definition: concept system in which concepts that belong to the category of the narrower concept are part of the extension of the broader concept ISO 12620:1999 (derived from)
generic concept system: Definition: concept system in which concepts that belong to the category of the subordinate concept are part of the extension of the superordinate concept ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.17
generic relation: Definition: relation between two concepts where the intension of one of the concepts includes that of the other concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.21
genus-species relation: Definition: relation between two concepts where the intension of one of the concepts includes that of the other concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.21
geocentric latitude: Definition: angle from the equatorial plane to the direction from the centre of an ellipsoid through a given point, northwards treated as positive ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.30
geocentric terrestrial reference system: Definition: system of geocentric space-time coordinates within the framework of General Relativity, co-rotating with the Earth and related to the Geocentric Celestial Reference System by a spatial rotation which takes into account the Earth’s orientation parameters IAG and IUGG resolutions of 1991 and 2007
geocoding: Definition: translation of one form of location into another ISO 19133:2005
geodesic <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: curve on a surface with a zero-length tangential curvature vector ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.43
geodesic circle <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: set of points an equal distance from a given point (on the datum) ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.44
geodesic curvature vector <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: projection of the curvature vector of a curve onto the tangent plane to the surface at the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.93
geodesic line <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: curve on a surface with a zero-length tangential curvature vector ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.43
geodetic coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system based on a geodetic datum ISO 19111:2007
geodetic coordinate reference system: Definition: three-dimensional coordinate reference system based on a geodetic reference frame and having either a three-dimensional Cartesian or a spherical coordinate system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.31
geodetic coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system in which position is specified by geodetic latitude, geodetic longitude and (in the three-dimensional case) ellipsoidal height ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.23
geodetic datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system to the Earth ISO 19111:2007
geodetic datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate system to the Earth ISO 19111:2007, 4.24
geodetic height: Definition: distance of a point from the ellipsoid measured along the perpendicular from the ellipsoid to this point positive if upwards or outside of the ellipsoid ISO 19111:2007
geodetic height: Definition: distance of a point from the reference ellipsoid along the perpendicular from the reference ellipsoid to this point, positive if upwards or outside of the reference ellipsoid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.24
geodetic latitude: Definition: angle from the equatorial plane to the perpendicular to the ellipsoid through a given point, northwards treated as positive ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.32
geodetic longitude: Definition: angle from the prime meridian plane to the meridian plane of a given point, eastward treated as positive ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.33
geodetic reference frame: Definition: reference frame or datum describing the relationship of a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system to the Earth ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.34
GeoDRM enabled: Definition: capable of maintaining GeoDRM extended resources and enforcing GeoDRM defined rights and protections ISO 19153:2014, 4.16
GeoDRM extended (applied to resources): Definition: associated to GeoDRM metadata indicating types of licences that apply ISO 19153:2014, 4.17
geographic context awareness: Definition: application or service behaviour based on the recognition of user’s geographic context ISO 19154:2014, 4.7
geographic coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system that has a geodetic reference frame and an ellipsoidal coordinate system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.35
geographic coordinates: Definition: longitude, latitude and hight of a ground or elevated point ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.26
geographic data: Definition: data with implicit or explicit reference to a location relative to the Earth ISO 19109:2015, 4.13
geographic feature: Definition: representation of real world phenomenon associated with a location relative to the Earth ISO 19125-2:2004
geographic identifier: Definition: spatial reference in the form of a label or code that identifies a location ISO 19112:2019(E), 3.1.2
geographic imagery: Definition: imagery associated with a location relative to the Earth ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.11
geographic imagery scene: Definition: geographic imagery whose data consists of measurements or simulated measurements of the natural world produced relative to a specified vantage point and at a specified time ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.12
geographic information: Definition: information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.18
geographic information service: Definition: service that transforms, manages, or presents geographic information to users ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.19
geographic information system: Definition: information system dealing with information concerning phenomena associated with location relative to the Earth ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.20
geographic point location: Definition: well defined geographic place described by one coordinate tuple ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.11
geographic point location representation: Definition: syntactic description of a geographic point location in a well known format ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.12
geoid: Definition: equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field which is everywhere perpendicular to the direction of gravity and which best fits mean sea level either locally or globally ISO 19111:2007
geoid: Definition: equipotential surface of the Earth’s gravity field which is perpendicular to the direction of gravity and which best fits mean sea level either locally, regionally or globally ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.36
GeoLicence: Definition: licence related to geoinformation ISO 19153:2014, 4.18
GeoLicence infringement: Definition: act or an instance of the unauthorized access or use of protected, copyrighted, or patented material or of a trademark, trade name, or trade dress FindLaw, modified
GeoLicence resolution: Definition: settling or resolving the status of a GeoLicence ISO 19153:2014, 4.19
geolocating: Definition: geopositioning an object using a Physical Sensor Model or a True Replacement Model ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.34
geolocation information: Definition: information used to determine geographic location corresponding to image location ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.10
geometric aggregate: Definition: collection of geometric objects that has no internal structure ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.45
geometric boundary: Definition: boundary represented by a set of geometric primitives of smaller geometric dimension that limits the extent of a geometric object ISO 19107:2003
geometric boundary: Definition: boundary represented by a set of geometric primitives that limits the extent of a geometric object ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.46
geometric complex: Definition: set of disjoint geometric primitives where the boundary of each geometric primitive can be represented as the union of other geometric primitives of smaller dimension within the same set ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.47
geometric dimension: Definition: largest number n such that each direct position in a geometric set can be associated with a subset that has the direct position in its interior and is similar (isomorphic) to Rn, Euclidean n-space ISO 19107:2003
geometric dimension <geometry, topology>: Definition: largest number n such that each point in a set of points can be associated with a subset that has that point in its interior and is topologically isomorphic to 𝔼n, Euclidean n-space ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.48
geometric object: Definition: spatial object representing a geometric set ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.49
geometric primitive: Definition: geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space ISO 19107:2003
geometric primitive <geometry>: Definition: geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous (isotropic) element of space ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.50
geometric realization: Definition: geometric complex whose geometric primitives are in a 1-to-1 correspondence to the topological primitives of a topological complex, such that the boundary relations in the two complexes agree ISO 19107:2003
geometric realization <geometry, topology>: Definition: geometric complex where the geometric primitives are in a 1-to-1 correspondence to the topological primitives of a topological complex, such that the boundary relations in the two complexes agree ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.51
geometric reference surface <geometry>: Definition: surface in some Euclidean space, usually 𝔼3, that represents an approximation to the surface of the Earth possibly restricted to a small area but often covering the entire globe ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.52
geometric set: Definition: set of direct positions ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.32
geometric set <geometry>: Definition: set of points ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.53
geometry property <GML>: Definition: property of a GML feature that describes some aspect of the geometry of the feature. ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.33
geometry value object: Definition: object composed of a set of geometry value pairs ISO 19123:2005
geometry value pair: Definition: ordered pair composed of a spatial object, a temporal object or a spatiotemporal object and a record of feature attribute values ISO 19123:2005
geopositioning: Definition: determining the geographic position of an object ISO/TS 19130:2010
geopositioning: Definition: determination of the geographic position of an object ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.36
georectified: Definition: corrected for positional displacement with respect to the surface of the Earth ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.11
georeferenceable: Definition: associated with a geopositioning information that can be used to convert grid coordinate values to values of coordinates referenced to an external coordinate reference system related to the Earth by a datum ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.9
georeferencing: Definition: geopositioning an object using a Correspondence Model derived from a set of points for which both ground and image coordinates are known ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.37
gimbal: Definition: mechanical device consisting of two or more rings connected in such a way that each rotates freely around an axis that is a diameter of the next ring toward the outermost ring of the set ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.38
GML application schema: Definition: application schema written in XML Schema in accordance with the rules specified in this International Standard ISO 19136:2007
GML application schema: Definition: application schema written in XML Schema in accordance with the rules specified in this document (which is ISO 19136:2020) ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.34
GML document: Definition: XML document with a root element that is one of the elements AbstractFeature, Dictionary or TopoComplex specified in the GML schema or any element of a substitution group of any of these elements. ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.35
GML profile: Definition: subset of the GML schema ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.36
GML schema: Definition: schema components in the XML namespace “http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2” as specified in this International Standard ISO 19136:2007
GML schema: Definition: schema components in the XML namespace “http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2” as specified in this document (which is ISO 19136:2020) ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.37
graph: Definition: set of nodes, some of which are joined by edges ISO 19107:2003
graphical language: Definition: language whose syntax is expressed in terms of graphical symbols ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.21
gravity-related height: Definition: height dependent on the Earth’s gravity field ISO 19111:2007
gravity-related height: Definition: height that is dependent on the Earth’s gravity field ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.37
grazing angle <SAR>: Definition: vertical angle from the local surface tangent plane to the slant range direction ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.39
greatest lower bound <mathematics>: Definition: largest element smaller than or equal to all elements of a set contained in an ordered domain <<math>> ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.63
Gregorian calendar: Definition: calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximated the tropical year than the Julian calendar ISO 8601:2000 (Adapted from)
grid: Definition: network composed of two or more sets of curves in which the members of each set intersect the members of the other sets in an algorithmic way ISO 19123:2005
grid coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system for the positions in a grid that uses a defined coordinate system congruent with the coordinate system described by the GridEnvelope and axisLabels of gml:GridType ISO 19136-2:2015, 4.2.1
grid coordinate system: Definition: coordinate system in which a position is specified relative to the intersection of curves ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.14
grid coordinates: Definition: sequence of two or more numbers specifying a position with respect to its location on a grid ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.15
grid point: Definition: point located at the intersection of two or more curves in a grid ISO 19123:2005
gridded data: Definition: data whose attribute values are associated with positions on a grid coordinate system ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.16
ground control point: Definition: point on the earth that has an accurately known geographic position ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.17
ground range <SAR>: Definition: magnitude of the range vector projected onto the ground ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.43
ground reference point: Definition: 3D position of a reference point on the ground for a given synthetic aperture ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.44
ground sampling distance: Definition: linear distance between pixel centres on the ground ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.45
group party: Definition: any number of parties, together forming a distinct entity, with each party registered ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.8
gyroscope: Definition: device consisting of a spinning rotor mounted in a gimbal so that its axis of rotation maintains a fixed orientation ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.46
heave: Definition: oscillatory rise and fall of a ship due to the entire hull being lifted by the force of the sea IHO Hydrographic Dictionary S-32, Fifth Edition
height: Definition: distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured upward along a line perpendicular to that surface ISO 19111:2007
height: Definition: distance of a point from a chosen reference surface positive upward along a line perpendicular to that surface ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.38
hierarchical register: Definition: structured set of registers for a domain of register items, composed of a principal register and a set of subregisters ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.4
homograph: Definition: designation having the same written form as another designation representing a different concept ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.4.1.4
homomorphism: Definition: relationship between two domains (such as two complexes) such that there is a structure preserving function from one to the other ISO 19107:2003
homomorphism <mathematics>: Definition: relationship between two domains such that there is a structure-preserving function from one to the other ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.59
homonymy: Definition: relation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more unrelated concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.25
homophone: Definition: one of two or more words that are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and sometimes spelling ISO 19104:2016, 4.15
horizontal accuracy: Definition: positional accuracy of a dataset with respect to a horizontal datum ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.17
hydrographic swath<SONAR>: Definition: strip or lane on the ground scanned by a multi-beam sounder when the survey vessel proceeds along its course IHO Hydrographic Dictionary S-32, Fifth Edition
hydrophone<SONAR>: Definition: component of the SONAR system which receives the sound echo and converts it to an electric signal ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.30
identification convention: Definition: set of rules for creating identifiers ISO 19118:2011, 4.21
identifier: Definition: linguistically independent sequence of characters capable of uniquely and permanently identifying that with which it is associated ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.5
identity: Definition: data sufficient to identify an object over time, independent of its state ISO 19132:2007
image: Definition: gridded coverage whose attribute values are a numerical representation of a physical parameter ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.18
image coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system based on an image datum ISO 19111:2007
image coordinates: Definition: coordinates with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system of an image ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.33
image datum: Definition: engineering datum which defines the relationship of a coordinate system to an image ISO 19111:2007
image distortion: Definition: deviation between the actual location of an image point and the location that theoretically would result from the geometry of the imaging process without any errors ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.50
image formation <SAR>: Definition: process by which an image is generated from collected Phase History Data in a SAR system ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.51
image plane: Definition: plane behind an imaging lens where images of objects within the depth of field of the lens are in focus ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.53
image point: Definition: point on the image that uniquely represents an object point ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.54
image-identifiable ground control point: Definition: ground control point associated with a marker or other object on the ground that can be recognized in an image ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.52
imagery: Definition: representation of phenomena as images produced by electronic and/or optical techniques ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.14
implementation: Definition: realization of a specification ISO 19105:2000
Implementation Conformance Statement: Definition: statement of specification options that have been implemented ISO 19105:2000
implementation coverage: Definition: feature which is a subclass (specialization) of a coverage as defined in this document ISO 19123-2:2018(E), 3.1.4
Implementation eXtra Information for Testing: Definition: statement containing all of the information related to the IUT and its corresponding SUT which will enable the testing laboratory to run an appropriate test suite against that IUT ISO 19105:2000
impulse response: Definition: width of the return generated by a small point reflector, which equates to the smallest distance between two point reflectors that can be distinguished as two objects ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.56
in situ measurement: Definition: direct measurement of the measurand in its original place ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.11
incident angle: Definition: vertical angle between the line from the detected element to the sensor and the local surface normal (tangent plane normal) ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.57
inconclusive verdict: Definition: test verdict when neither a pass verdict nor a fail verdict apply ISO 19105:2000
indirect evaluation method: Definition: method of evaluating the quality of a dataset based on external knowledge ISO 19157:2013, 4.17
individual: Definition: instance of a class Adapted from the OWL Web Ontology Language Guide
inertial positioning system: Definition: positioning system employing accelerometers, gyroscopes, and computer as integral components to determine coordinates of points or objects relative to an initial known reference point ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.12
information: Definition: knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993
information package: Definition: logical container composed of optional content information and optional associated preservation description information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
information system: Definition: information processing system, together with associated organizational resources such as human, technical, and financial resources, that provides and distributes information ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.01.22
information viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and information processing ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.2
infringement (of a licence): Definition: act of a principal contrary to rights granted to that principal on a resource ISO 19153:2014, 4.21
infringement (of a right): Definition: prevention of an act of a principal consistent with rights granted to that principal on a resource ISO 19153:2014, 4.22
inheritance: Definition: mechanism by which more specific classifiers incorporate structure and behaviour defined by more general classifiers ISO 19103:2015, 4.19
inheritance <UML>: Definition: mechanism by which more specific elements incorporate structure and behaviour of more general elements related by behaviour ISO/IEC 19501
inner product <vector geometry>: Definition: The definition is located in Linked Files609_3_54_Def.doc ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.54
instance: Definition: object that realizes a class ISO 19107:2003
instance <UML>: Definition: entity that has unique identity, a set of operations can be applied to it, and state that stores the effects of the operations ISO/IEC 19501
instance <UML>: Definition: individual entity having its own value and possibly its own identity ISO 19103:2015, 4.20
instance model: Definition: representation model for storing data according to an application schema ISO 19118:2011, 4.23
instant: Definition: 0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time ISO 19108:2002
instantaneous field of view: Definition: instantaneous region seen by a single detector element, measured in angular space Manual of Photogrammetry
instantiate: Definition: to represent (an abstraction) by the creation of a concrete instance or to create the ability to create an instance ISO 19133:2005
integrated positioning system: Definition: positioning system incorporating two or more positioning technologies ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.14
integrated side lobe ratio: Definition: ratio between the side lobe power and the main lobe power of the impulse response of point targets in the radar imaging scene ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.15
integration: Definition: linkage of two or more software systems by the use of a common data and method base ISO 19132:2007
intension: Definition: set of characteristics which makes up the concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.9
intensity: Definition: power per unit solid angle from a point source into a particular direction ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.37
interface: Definition: named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an entity ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.8
interface <UML>: Definition: named set of operations that characterize the behaviour of an element ISO/IEC 19501
interface <UML>: Definition: classifier that represents a declaration of a set of coherent public <UML> features and obligations UML 2
interferometric baseline: Definition: distance between the two antenna phase centre vectors at the time when a given scatterer is imaged ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.14
interferometric synthetic aperture radar: Definition: technique exploiting two or more SAR images to generate maps of surface deformation or digital elevation through the differences in the phase of the waves returning to the radar ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.16
interior: Definition: set of all direct positions that are on a geometric object but which are not on its boundary ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.39
internal accuracy: Definition: closeness of the relative positions of features in a dataset to their respective relative positions accepted as or being true ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.32
internal coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system having a datum specified with reference to the object itself ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.58
interoperability: Definition: capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units ISO/IEC 2382:2009, 2121317
interoperate: Definition: communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units ISO 19132:2007
interval scale: Definition: scale with an arbitrary origin which can be used to describe both ordering of values and distances between values ISO 19108:2002
invalidation <register>: Definition: action taken to correct a substantive error in a register item ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.6
inverse evaluation<coverage>: Definition: selection of a set of objects from the domain of a coverage based on the feature attribute values associated with the objects ISO 19123:2005
inverse geodetic problem <differential geometry>: Definition: problem that given two points, determines the initial direction and length of a geodesic that connects them ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.82
irradiance: Definition: electro-magnetic radiation energy per unit area per unit time ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.13
isolated node: Definition: node not related to any edge ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.55
isometry <mathematics>: Definition: mapping between metric spaces that preserves the metric ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.57
isomorphic <mathematics>: Definition: having an isomorphism ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.56
isomorphism: Definition: relationship between two domains (such as two complexes) such that there are 1-to-1, structure-preserving functions from each domain onto the other, and the composition of the two functions, in either order, is the corresponding identity function ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.58
item: Definition: that which can be individually described or considered ISO 2859-1
item: Definition: anything that can be described and considered seperately ISO 2859‑5:2005, 3.4, modified – Original Example has been removed. Note 1 to entry has been added.
item class: Definition: set of items with common properties ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.7
join predicate: Definition: filter expression that includes one or more clauses that constrain properties from two different entity types ISO 19143:2010
join tuple: Definition: set of two or more object instances that satisfy a filter that includes join predicates ISO 19142:2010
joint ownership: Definition: ownership by two or more persons each having undivided shares in the property as a whole FindLaw, modified
journey: Definition: movement of a person who is travelling between two locations ISO 19147:2015, 3.6
journey segment: Definition: part of a journey defined by a start and a stop location ISO 19147:2015, 3.7
Julian date: Definition: Julian day number followed by the decimal fraction of the day elapsed since the preceding noon ISO 19108:2002
Julian day number: Definition: number of days elapsed since Greenwich mean noon on 1 January 4713 BC, Julian proleptic calendar ISO 19108:2002
junction: Definition: single topological node in a network with its associated collection of turns, incoming and outgoing links ISO 19133:2005
keystone effect: Definition: distortion of a projected image caused by a tilt between the image plane and the projection plane resulting in a trapezoidal shaped projection of a rectangular image ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.14
knowledge: Definition: cognizance which is based on reasoning Adapted from ISO 5127:2001
knowledge base: Definition: data base of knowledge about a particular subject ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.18
land: Definition: the surface of the Earth, the materials beneath, the air above and all things fixed to the soil UN/ECE, 2004
land administration: Definition: process of determining, recording and disseminating information about the relationship between people and land ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.10
land cover: Definition: observed (bio)physical cover on the Earth’s surface UNFAO LCCS 2:2005
land cover metalanguage: Definition: logical general model used to describe land cover features from which more specific rules can be described to create a particular classification system ISO 19144-2:2012, 4.1.8
land use: Definition: arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to maintain it or produce change UNFAO LCCS 2:2005
language: Definition: system of signs for communications, usually consisting of vocabulary and rules ISO 5127:2001, 1.1.2.01, modified — Note has been added.
language identifier: Definition: information in a terminological entry which indicates the name of a language ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.8
last return: Definition: last reflected signal that is detected by a 3D imaging system, time-of-flight (TOF) type, for a given sampling position and a given emitted pulse Adapted from ASTM E2544
layer: Definition: basic unit of geographic information that may be requested as a map from a server ISO 19128:2005
layover: Definition: visual effect in SAR images of ambiguity among returns from scatterers at different heights that fall into the same range-Doppler-time bin ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.39
leaf <one parameter set of geometries>: Definition: geometry at a particular value of the parameter ISO 19141:2008
lease: Definition: allowing the resource to be made available for a fixed period of time then returned ISO 19153:2014, 4.24
least upper bound <mathematics>: Definition: smallest element larger than or equal to all elements of a set contained in an ordered domain <<math>> ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.60
legend: Definition: application of a classification in a specific area using a defined mapping scale and specific data set ISO 19144-1:2009
legend class: Definition: class resultant from the application of a classification process ISO 19144-1:2009
lend: Definition: lease without exchange of value ISO 19153:2014, 4.25
level: Definition: set of spatial units, with a geometric, and/or topologic, and/or thematic coherence ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.11
lever arm: Definition: relative position vector of one sensor with respect to another in a direct georeferencing system ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.18
lexical language: Definition: language whose syntax is expressed in terms of symbols defined as character strings ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.24
licence: Definition: representation of grants that convey to principals the rights to use specified resources subject to specified conditions XrML 2.0 specification, part 5, modified
licence extents: Definition: scope or applicability of a licence ISO 19153:2014, 4.27
licence manager: Definition: application that tracks licences available within an organization and coordinates the issuing of these licences to requesting clients New Concepts in BASIS Licensing, modified
license: Definition: permission or proof of permission granted to a system participant by a competent authority to exercise a right which would otherwise be disallowed or unlawful ISO 19132:2007
licensee: Definition: one to whom a licence is given FindLaw
licensing agent: Definition: principal authorized to act on behalf of and under the control of another in dealing with third parties in the context of issuing licences for specified resources Derived from FindLaw for “agent”
licensor: Definition: issuer of a licence FindLaw, modified
lidar: Definition: system consisting of 1) a photon source (frequently, but not necessarily, a laser), 2) a photon detection system, 3) a timing circuit, and 4) optics for both the source and the receiver that uses emitted laser light to measure ranges to and/or properties of solid objects, gases, or particulates in the atmosphere ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.40
life span: Definition: period during which something exists ISO 19108:2002
light detection and ranging: Definition: system consisting of 1) a photon source (frequently, but not necessarily, a laser), 2) a photon detection system, 3) a timing circuit, and 4) optics for both the source and the receiver that uses emitted laser light to measure ranges to and/or properties of solid objects, gases, or particulates in the atmosphere ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.40
liminal spatial unit: Definition: spatial unit on the threshold between 2D and 3D representations ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.12
line string: Definition: curve composed of straight-line segments ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.40
lineage: Definition: provenance, source(s) and production process(es) used in producing a resource ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.9
linear coordinate system: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate system in which a linear feature forms the axis ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.39
linear element: Definition: 1-dimensional object that serves as the axis along which linear referencing is performed ISO 19148:2012, 4.9
linear mode: Definition: LIDAR system in which output photocurrent is proportional to the input optical incident intensity Adapted from Aull et al., 2002
linear positioning system: Definition: positioning system that measures distance from a reference point along a route ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.15
linear reference system: Definition: reference system that identifies a location by reference to a segment of a linear geographic feature and distance along that segment from a given point ISO 19116:2004
linear referencing: Definition: specification of a location relative to a linear element as a measurement along (and optionally offset from) that element ISO 19148:2012, 4.10
Linear Referencing Method: Definition: manner in which measurements are made along (and optionally offset from) a linear element ISO 19148:2012, 4.11
linear referencing system: Definition: positioning system that measures distance from a reference point along a route (feature) ISO 19133:2005, 4.7
Linear Referencing System: Definition: set of Linear Referencing Methods and the policies, records and procedures for implementing them ISO 19148:2012, 4.12
linear segment: Definition: part of a linear feature that is distinguished from the remainder of that feature by a subset of attributes, each having a single value for the entire part ISO 19148:2012, 4.13
linearly located: Definition: located using a Linear Referencing System ISO 19148:2012, 4.14
linearly located event: Definition: occurrence along a feature of an attribute value or another feature ISO 19148:2012, 4.15
linearly referenced location: Definition: location whose position is specified using linear referencing ISO 19148:2012, 4.16
link: Definition: directed topological connection between two nodes (junctions), consisting of an edge and a direction ISO 19133:2005
link position: Definition: position within a network on a link defined by some strictly monotonic measure associated with that link ISO 19133:2005
linked geodata: Definition: geographic data and information sources published on the Semantic Web ISO 19154:2014, 4.15
literal: Definition: constant, explicitly specified value ISO 19143:2010, 4.15
literal value: Definition: constant, explicitly specified value ISO 19143:2010
local datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a coordinate system to a local reference ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.26
local resource: Definition: resource that is under the direct control of a system ISO 19142:2010
locale: Definition: cultural and linguistic setting applicable to the interpretation of a character string ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.7
locale: Definition: definition of the subset of a user’s environment that depends on language and cultural conventions ISO/IEC IEEE 9945:2009, 3.211, modified — The notes given in ISO/IEC IEEE 9945:2009 for this entry have been omitted. Note 1 to entry has been added.
localName: Definition: reference to a local object directly accessible from a namespace ISO 19103:2015, modified – Derived from 7.5.5.1
located feature: Definition: feature that is linearly located along an associated (locating) feature ISO 19148:2012, 4.17
locating feature: Definition: feature that is used to identify the location of linearly located features ISO 19148:2012, 4.18
location: Definition: identifiable geographic place ISO 19112:2003
location: Definition: particular place or position ISO 19112:2019(E), 3.1.3
location based service: Definition: service whose return or other property is dependent on the location of the client requesting the service or of some other thing, object or person ISO 19133:2005
location dependent service: Definition: service whose availability is dependent upon the location of the client ISO 19133:2005
locator attribute: Definition: attribute whose value is a reference to a local resource or remote resource ISO 19142:2010
long term: Definition: period of time long enough for there to be concern about the impacts of changing technologies, including support for new media and data formats, and of a changing designated community, on the information being held in an OAIS ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
long term preservation: Definition: act of maintaining information, independently understandable by a designated community, and with evidence supporting its authenticity, over the long term ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
look angle: Definition: vertical angle from the platform down direction to the slant range direction, usually measured at the ARP ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.42
looks: Definition: groups of signal samples in a SAR processor that splits the full synthetic aperture into several subapertures, each representing an independent look of the identical scene ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.13
loosely coupled interface: Definition: message-based service interface based on a common taxonomic definition and independent of the particulars of message format or representation and of the internal implementation of the service ISO 19132:2007
loxodrome <geometry, navigation>: Definition: curve which crosses meridians of longitude at a constant bearing ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.79
mail recipient: Definition: individual who actually receives a postal item at delivery or who first accesses the postal item if it is left for collection ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.7
mailee: Definition: party designated in a postal address as having responsibility for ensuring that postal items reach their addressee ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.8
mailer: Definition: party who carries out one or more of the processes involved in creating, producing, finishing, inducting and paying the postage due for a postal item ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.9
main-road rule: Definition: set of criteria used at a turn in lieu of a route instruction; default instruction used at a node ISO 19133:2005
management <OAIS>: Definition: role played by those who set overall OAIS policy as one component in a broader policy domain, for example as part of a larger organization ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
maneuver,manœuvre: Definition: collection of related links and turns used in a route in combination ISO 19133:2005
map: Definition: portrayal of geographic information as a digital image file suitable for display on a computer screen ISO 19128:2005
map projection: Definition: coordinate conversion from an ellipsoidal coordinate system to a plane ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.40
matrix: Definition: rectangular array of numbers ISO/TS 19129:2009
maximum <mathematics>: Definition: smallest element larger than or equal to all elements of a set contained in an ordered domain <<math>> ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.60
mean sea level: Definition: average level of the surface of the sea over all stages of tide and seasonal variations ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.41
mean sea level: Definition: average height of the surface of the sea at a tide station for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period, usually determined from hourly height readings measured from a fixed predetermined reference level IHO Hydrographic Dictionary S-32, Fifth Edition
measurable quantity: Definition: attribute of a phenomenon, body or substance that may be distinguished qualitatively and determined quantitatively VIM:1993, 1.1
measurand: Definition: particular quantity subject to measurement VIM:1993, 2.6
measure: Definition: operations associated to measurements ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.61
measure <GML>: Definition: value described using a numeric amount with a scale or using a scalar reference system ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.41
measurement: Definition: set of operations having the object of determining the value of a quantity VIM:1993, 2.1
measurement accuracy: Definition: closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.17
measurement error: Definition: measured quantity value minus a reference quantity value ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.16
measurement precision: Definition: closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate measurements on the same or similar objects under specified conditions ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15
medium: Definition: substance or agency for storing or transmitting data ISO 19118:2011, 4.26
meridian: Definition: intersection of an ellipsoid by a plane containing the shortest axis of the ellipsoid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.42
metadata: Definition: data about data ISO 19115:2003, 4.5
metadata: Definition: information about a resource ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.10
metadata element: Definition: discrete unit of metadata ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.11
metadata entity: Definition: set of metadata elements describing the same aspect of data ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.12
metadata schema: Definition: conceptual schema describing metadata ISO 19101:2002, 4.21
metadata section: Definition: subset of metadata which consists of a collection of related metadata entities and metadata elements ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.13
metamodel: Definition: model that defines the language for expressing other models UML 2
metamodel <UML>: Definition: model that defines the language for expressing a model ISO/IEC 19501
metaquality: Definition: information describing the quality of data quality ISO 19157:2013, 4.20
method <UML>: Definition: implementation of an operation ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
metric operation: Definition: operations associated to measurements ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.61
metric traceability: Definition: property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated uncertainties Derived from VIM
metric unit: Definition: unit of measure ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.62
metrological traceability chain: Definition: sequence of measurement standards and calibrations that is used to relate a measurement result to a reference ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.42
minimum <mathematics>: Definition: largest element smaller than or equal to all elements of a set contained in an ordered domain <<math>> ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.63
model: Definition: abstraction of some aspects of reality ISO 19109:2015, 4.15
module: Definition: predefined set of elements in a base standard that can be used to construct a profile ISO/TR 19120:2001, 3.3
monosemy: Definition: relation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation only relates to one concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.23
monotonic <mathematics>: Definition: never increasing or never decreasing ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.64
month: Definition: period approximately equal in duration to the periodic time of a lunar cycle ISO 19108:2002
motion: Definition: change in the position of an object over time, represented by change of coordinate values with respect to a particular reference frame ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.18
multibeam SONAR: Definition: wide swath echo sounder for use in seabed mapping and surveying using the multi-beam principle IHO Hydrographic Dictionary S-32, Fifth Edition
multiple returns: Definition: multiple signals returned and detected for a given emitted pulse, such as when a laser beam hitting multiple objects separated in range is split Adapted from ASTM E2544
multiplicity <UML>: Definition: specification of the range of allowable cardinalities that a set may assume ISO 19103:2015, 4.24
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type: Definition: media type and subtype of data in the body of a message that designates the native representation (canonical form) of such data IETF RFC 2045:1996
nadir: Definition: point directly beneath a position ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.26
namespace: Definition: collection of names, identified by a URI reference, that are used in XML documents as element names and attribute names W3C XML
namespace <general>: Definition: domain in which names, expressed by character strings, can be mapped to objects ISO 19103:2015, modified – Derived from 7.5.2.1
namespace <RDF>: Definition: common URI prefix or stem used in identifiers for a set of related resources ISO 19150-2:2015, 4.1.26
narrower concept: Definition: concept which is either a specific concept or a partitive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.14
navigation: Definition: combination of routing, route traversal and tracking ISO 19133:2005
navigation constraint: Definition: restriction on how a link or turn may be traversed by a vehicle, such as vehicle classification, physical or temporal constraint ISO 19133:2005
n-disc <topology, geometry>: Definition: geometry isomorphic to the set of points X in 𝔼n such that ‖X‖≤1 set of all points in 𝔼n less than or equal to one-unit distance from the origin ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.65
necessary: Definition: capable of recognizing and properly acting upon all legitimate requests, as defined by the requirements of the system ISO 19153:2014, 4.33
neighborhood <topology, metric spaces>: Definition: open set of points containing a specified point in its interior ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.68
neighbourhood: Definition: geometric set containing a specified direct position in its interior, and containing all direct positions within a specified distance of the specified direct position ISO 19107:2003
network: Definition: abstract structure consisting of a set of 0-dimensional objects called junctions, and a set of 1-dimensional objects called links that connect the junctions, each link being associated with a start (origin, source) junction and end (destination, sink) junction ISO 19133:2005
node: Definition: 0-dimensional topological primitive ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.69
noise: Definition: unwanted signal which can corrupt the measurement ISO 12718:2008, 2.26
nominal value: Definition: name of an object, type, or category ISO 19126:2009
non-conformance: Definition: failure to fulfil one or more specified requirements ISO 19105:2000
non-verbal representation: Definition: representation of a concept by means other than a descriptive statement, while revealing characteristics of this concept ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.4.2.3, modified — The reference to the examples has been removed.
normal <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: vector perpendicular (orthogonal) to the geometric object (curve or surface) at the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.71
normal curvature vector <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: projection of the curvature vector of the curve perpendicular to the tangent plane to the surface at the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.70
normal section curve <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: plane curve segment containing the normal at one of its terminal points ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.72
northing: Definition: distance in a coordinate system, northwards (positive) or southwards (negative) from an east-west reference line ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.43
n-simplex <geometry, topology>: Definition: convex hull of n+1 points in general position in a space of dimension at least n, or a topologically isomorphic image of such a geometry ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.66
n-sphere <geometry, topology>: Definition: geometry isomorphic to the set of points X in 𝔼n+1 such that ‖X‖ = 1; set of all points in 𝔼n+1 one-unit distance from the origin ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.67
object: Definition: entity with a well defined boundary and identity that encapsulates state and behaviour OMG/UML UML Semantics, version 1.3, 1997.
object <UML>: Definition: entity with a well-defined boundary and identity that encapsulates state and behaviour ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
object point: Definition: point in the object space that is imaged by a sensor ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.60
object property <OWL>: Definition: semantic association between a pair of individuals OWL
objective: Definition: optical element that receives light from the object and forms the first or primary image of an optical system ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.46
observable type: Definition: data type to indicate the physical quantity as a result of an observation ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.45
observation: Definition: act of measuring or otherwise determining the value of a property ISO 19156:2011, 4.11
observation procedure: Definition: method, algorithm or instrument, or system of these, which may be used in making an observation ISO 19156:2011, 4.12
observation protocol: Definition: combination of a sampling strategy and an observation procedure used in making an observation ISO 19156:2011, 4.13
observation result: Definition: estimate of the value of a property determined through a known observation procedure ISO 19156:2011, 4.14
obsolete term: Definition: term which is no longer in common use ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.18
one parameter set of geometries: Definition: function f from an interval t ( [a, b] such that f(t) is a geometry and for each point P ( f(a) there is a one parameter set of points (called the trajectory of P) P(t) : [a, b] ®P(t) such that P(t) ( f(t) ISO 19141:2008
ontology: Definition: formal representation of phenomena of a universe of discourse with an underlying vocabulary including definitions and axioms that make the intended meaning explicit and describe phenomena and their interrelationships ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.26
open archival information system: Definition: archive, consisting of an organization, which may be part of a larger organization, of people and systems, that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a designated community ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
open set <metric, topology, geometry>: Definition: containing a metric or topologically open neighborhood of each of its points ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.73
open systems environment: Definition: comprehensive set of interfaces, services and supporting formats, plus user aspects, for interoperability and/or portability of applications, data, or people, as specified by information technology standards and profiles ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998
operating conditions: Definition: parameters influencing the determination of coordinate values by a positioning system ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.19
operating vocabulary: Definition: vocabulary that is not a reference vocabulary ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.22
operation: Definition: specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.10
operation <UML>: Definition: service that can be requested from an object to affect behaviour ISO/IEC 19501
operation <UML>: Definition: behavioural <UML> feature of a classifier that specifies the name, type, parameters, and constraints for invoking an associated behaviour UML 2
optical positioning system: Definition: positioning system that determines the position of an object by means of the properties of light ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.20
ordinal era: Definition: one of a set of named periods ordered in time ISO 19108:2002
ordinal scale: Definition: scale which provides a basis for measuring only the relative position of an object ISO 19108:2002
ordinal temporal reference system: Definition: temporal reference system composed of ordinal eras ISO 19108:2002
orthoimage: Definition: image in which by orthogonal projection to a reference surface, displacement of image points due to sensor orientation and terrain relief has been removed ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.25
owner: Definition: one with an interest in and dominion over content as a) “legal owner” in this entry, b) one with the right to exclusive use, control, or possession of content, c) a purchaser under a contract for the sale of real content FindLaw, modified
package <UML>: Definition: general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups UML 2
package description: Definition: information intended for use by access aids ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
packaging information: Definition: information used to bind and identify the components of an information package ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to an example.
parameter reference epoch: Definition: epoch at which the parameter values of a time-dependent coordinate transformation are valid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.44
parameterized feature portrayal function: Definition: function that maps a geographic feature to a parametized symbol ISO 19117:2012, 4.17
parameterized symbol: Definition: symbol that has dynamic parameters ISO 19117:2012, 4.18
parametric coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system based on a parametric datum ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.45
parametric coordinate system: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate system where the axis units are parameter values which are not inherently spatial ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.46
parametric datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a parametric coordinate system to an object ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.47
parent address: Definition: address of a parent addressable object ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.13
parent addressable object: Definition: addressable object that fully encloses one or more other addressable objects ISO 19160-1:2015, 4.14
partition of unity <mathematics>: Definition: set of real-valued functions all over the same domain whose arithmetic sum at every domain value is 1 ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.74
partitive relation: Definition: relation between two concepts where one of the concepts constitutes the whole and the other concept a part of that whole ISO 1087-1:2000
part-whole relation: Definition: relation between two concepts where one of the concepts constitutes the whole and the other concept a part of that whole ISO 1087-1:2000
party: Definition: person or organisation that plays a role in a rights transaction ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.13
party <postal>: Definition: one or more natural and/or legal persons and/or organizations without legal personality that act(s) as a single entity for the purpose of participation in a transaction associated with a postal item ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.10
party member: Definition: party registered and identified as a constituent of a group party ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.14
pass: Definition: single instance of a remote, mobile measuring system going by a target of interest ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.21
pass verdict: Definition: test verdict of conformance ISO 19105:2000
passive object: Definition: object which can only react to external stimulation and cannot initiate actions on its own ISO 19132:2007
passive sensor: Definition: sensor that detects and collects energy from an independent source ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.61
passive SONAR: Definition: type of passive sensor that only receives sound waves from external sources and does not transmit any sound waves ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.47
passive tracking: Definition: tracking dependent on stationary sensors external to the vehicle or traveller allowing for measurements of location when the vehicle’s or traveller’s tracking device passes through the range of external sensors of known position ISO 19132:2007
path connected: Definition: property of a geometric object implying that any two points on the object can be placed on a curve that remains totally within the object ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.75
payment provider: Definition: party that has an established billing relation with a consumer ISO 19153:2014, 4.36
peak side lobe ratio: Definition: ratio between the peak power of the largest side lobe and the peak power of the main lobe of the impulse response of point targets in the SAR image ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.19
performance indicator: Definition: internal parameters of positioning systems indicative of the level of performance achieved ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.21
performance testing: Definition: measurement of the performance characteristics of an Implementation Under Test (IUT), such as its throughput, responsiveness, etc., under various conditions ISO 19105:2000
period: Definition: one-dimensional geometric primitive representing extent in time ISO 19108:2002
periodic time: Definition: duration of one cycle ISO 31-2:1992 (Adapted from)
persistent protection mechanism: Definition: protection mechanism that remains in force regardless of where the content of the original resource is located or reproduced ISO 19153:2014, 4.37
perspective centre: Definition: point located in three dimensions through which all rays between object points and image points appear to pass geometrically ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.62
phase history data: Definition: raw radar return signal information after demodulation ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.48
physical quantity: Definition: quantity used for the quantitative description of physical phenomena ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.46
Physical Sensor Model: Definition: sensor model based on the physical configuration of a sensing system ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.63
physiognomy: Definition: general appearance of an object or terrain, without reference to its underlying or scientific characteristics ISO 19144-2:2012, 4.1.12
picture original: Definition: representation of a two-dimensional hardcopy or softcopy input image in terms of the colour-space coordinates (or an approximation thereof) ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.26
picture portrayal: Definition: representations of image data in terms of the colour-space coordinates that are appropriate for, and tightly coupled to, the characteristics of a specified real or virtual output device and viewing ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.27
pixel: Definition: smallest element of a digital image to which attributes are assigned ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.28
pixel response non-uniformity: Definition: inhomogeneity of the response of the detectors of a detector array to a uniform activation ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.23
place: Definition: identifiable part of any space ISO 19155:2012, 4.8
Place Identifier: Definition: reference that identifies a place ISO 19155:2012, 4.9
Place Identifier (PI) link: Definition: relationship established between PIs and other identifiers in different encoding domains ISO 19155-2:2017, 3.1
Place Identifier (PI) linking mechanism: Definition: means used to define a place identifier (PI) link ISO 19155-2:2017, 3.2
Place Identifier application: Definition: application providing services that use Place Identifiers to end users or other applications ISO 19155:2012, 4.10
Place Identifier matching: Definition: matching of a Place Identifier specifying a place with another type of PI identifying the same place ISO 19155:2012, 4.11
Place Identifier platform: Definition: group of service interfaces and data structures used for PI matching ISO 19155:2012, 4.12
planar topological complex: Definition: topological complex that has a geometric realization that can be embedded in Euclidean 2 space ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.77
plane curve <geometry>: Definition: curve in 𝔼3 that is contained in a plane ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.76
plane curve segment <geometry>: Definition: curve in 𝔼3 that is contained in a plane ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.76
platform: Definition: structure which supports a sensor, or sensors ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.23
platform coordinate reference system: Definition: engineering coordinate reference system fixed to the collection platform within which positions on the collection platform are defined ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.65
platform down direction: Definition: downward normal to the platform horizontal plane ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.50
point: Definition: 0-dimensional geometric primitive, representing a position ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.47
point cloud: Definition: collection of data points in 3D space ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.51
point coverage: Definition: coverage that has a domain composed of points ISO 19123:2005
point motion operation: Definition: coordinate operation that changes coordinates within one coordinate reference system due to the motion of the point ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.48
point-spread function: Definition: characteristic response of an imaging system to a high-contrast point target IEC 88528-11:2004
polar coordinate system: Definition: two-dimensional coordinate system in which position is specified by distance and direction from the origin ISO 19111:2007
polar coordinate system: Definition: two-dimensional coordinate system in Euclidean space in which position is specified by one distance coordinate and one angular coordinate ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.49
polarimetric synthetic aperture radar: Definition: SAR sensor enhanced by transmitting and receiving in different combinations of polarization ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.20
polarization: Definition: restricting radiation, especially light, vibrations to a single plane ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.24
polarization channel imbalance: Definition: bias in the estimation of the scattering matrix element ratio between coincident pixels from two coherent data channels ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.21
policy: Definition: set of rules related to a particular purpose ISO/IEC 10746-2
polygon: Definition: planar surface defined by 1 exterior boundary and 0 or more interior boundaries ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.48
polygon coverage: Definition: coverage that has a domain composed of polygons ISO 19123:2005
polymorphism: Definition: characteristic of being able to assign a different meaning or usage to something in different contexts - specifically, to allow an entity such as a variable, a function, or an object to have more than one form https://searchcio.techtarget.com/
polysemy: Definition: relation between designations and concepts in a given language in which one designation represents two or more concepts sharing certain characteristics ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.24
population: Definition: totality of items under consideration ISO 3534-2
portrayal: Definition: presentation of information to humans ISO 19117:2012, 4.20
portrayal catalogue: Definition: collection of all defined portrayals ISO 19117:2005, 4.15
portrayal catalogue: Definition: collection of defined portrayals for a feature catalogue ISO 19117:2012, 4.21
portrayal context: Definition: circumstances, imposed by factors extrinsic to a geographic dataset, that affect the portrayal of that dataset ISO 19117:2012, 4.22
portrayal function: Definition: function that maps geographic features to symbols ISO 19117:2012, 4.23
portrayal function set: Definition: function that maps a feature catalogue to a symbol set ISO 19117:2012, 4.24
portrayal rule: Definition: rule that is applied to the feature to determine what portrayal specification to use ISO 19117:2005, 4.16
portrayal rule: Definition: specific type of portrayal function expressed in a declarative language ISO 19117:2012, 4.25
portrayal service: Definition: generic interface used to portray features ISO 19117:2012, 4.26
portrayal specification: Definition: collection of operations applied to the feature instance to portray it ISO 19117:2005, 4.18
position: Definition: data type that describes a point or geometry potentially occupied by an object or person ISO 19133:2005
positional accuracy: Definition: closeness of coordinate value to the true or accepted value in a specified reference system ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.22
positional reliability: Definition: degree to which a positioning service provides agreed or expected absolute accuracy during a defined instant under specified conditions ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.23
positioning process: Definition: computational process that determines, directly from measurements, the geodetic coordinates of points (absolute positioning), or that derives geodetic coordinates of points from previously determined geodetic coordinates (relative positioning) 19161-1:2020(E), 3.3
positioning system: Definition: system of instrumental and computational components for determining position ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.24
postal address: Definition: address, possibly inclusive of the explicit identity of an addressee, where the addressable object is an actual or potential delivery point for a postal item ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.11
postal address component <postal address>: Definition: constituent part of a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.12
postal address construct <postal address>: Definition: postal address component combining postal address elements which together form a logical portion of a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.13
postal address domain <postal address>: Definition: an area in which a set of specific postal address types and postal address renderings is prescribed by postal operators ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.14
postal address element <postal address>: Definition: postal address component that has a well-defined conceptual meaning with significance for customer or postal processing purposes and is not itself made up of subordinate components ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.15
postal address element code: Definition: condensed representation for a postal address element or sub-element ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.16
postal address rendering <postal>: Definition: process in which the rendered address is created ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.18
postal address segment <postal address>: Definition: postal address component comprising a named group of related postal address constructs and/or postal address elements with a specific defined function ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.19
postal address sub-element <postal address>: Definition: identifier of either a sub-division of a postal address element value or one of multiple occurrences of an element in a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.17
postal address template <postal>: Definition: specification of postal address renderings within a postal address domain ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.20
postal address type: Definition: set of postal addresses composed of the same set of mandatory and optional components ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.21
postal item: Definition: indivisible mailable entity in respect of which a mail service contractor accepts an obligation to provide postal services UPU Standards Glossary, 3.90
postal operator: Definition: organization licensed to provide postal services to the general public UPU Standards Glossary, 3.141
pragmatic relation: Definition: relation between two concepts having a non-hierarchical thematic connection by virtue of experience ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.23
precision: Definition: measure of the repeatability of a set of measurements ISO 19116:2004, 4.22
precision: Definition: closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate measurements on the same or similar objects under specified conditions ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15
predicate: Definition: set of computational operations applied to a data instance which evaluate to true or false ISO 19143:2010
predicate expression: Definition: formal syntax for describing a predicate ISO 19143:2010
preferred term: Definition: term rated according to the scale of the term acceptability rating as the primary term for a given concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.15
preservation description information: Definition: information which is necessary for adequate preservation of the content information and which can be categorized as provenance, reference, fixity, context, and access rights Information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
prime meridian: Definition: meridian from which the longitudes of other meridians are quantified ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.50
principal: Definition: person or organization that plays a role in a rights transaction ISO 19153:2014, 4.35
principal point of autocollimation: Definition: point of intersection between the image plane and the normal from the perspective centre ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.66
principal point of best symmetry: Definition: centre of the circles of equal distortion of the lens positioned in the image plane ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.67
principal register: Definition: register that contains a description of each of the subregisters in a hierarchical register ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.8
prism <one parameter set of geometries>: Definition: set of points in the union of the geometries (or the union of the trajectories) of a one parameter set of geometries ISO 19141:2008
process: Definition: set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs ISO 9000:2005
producer <OAIS>: Definition: role played by those persons or client systems that provide the information to be preserved ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
product: Definition: result of a process ISO 9000:2005
product specification: Definition: description of the universe of discourse and a specification for mapping the universe of discourse to a dataset ISO 19113:2002, 4.20
profile: Definition: set of one or more base standards or subsets of base standards, and, where applicable, the identification of chosen clauses, classes, options and parameters of those base standards, that are necessary for accomplishing a particular function ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998
profile <UML>: Definition: definition of a limited extension to a reference metamodel with the purpose of adapting the metamodel to a specific platform or domain UML 2
projected coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system derived from a two-dimensional geodetic coordinate reference system by applying a map projection ISO 19111:2007
projected coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system derived from a geographic coordinate reference system by applying a map projection ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.51
projection centre: Definition: point located in three dimensions through which all rays between object points and image points appear to pass geometrically ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.62
property: Definition: facet or attribute of an object referenced by a name ISO 19143:2010
property <GML>: Definition: a child element of a GML object ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.49
property <RDF>: Definition: relation between subject resources and object resources RDF
property restriction <OWL>: Definition: special kind of class description through the definition of constraints on values and cardinalities OWL
property type: Definition: characteristic of a feature type Adapted from ISO 19109:2005
protection: Definition: aspect of the system that lowers the capability of a party to commit infringement ISO 19153:2014, 4.38
provenance: Definition: information on the place and time of origin or derivation or a resource or a record or proof of authenticity or of past ownership ISO 19153:2014, 4.39
provenance: Definition: organization or individual that created, accumulated, maintained and used records ISO 5127:2001, 4.1.1.10
provenance information: Definition: information that documents the history of the content information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
public access: Definition: open access to information sources and/or services by general public users and professional users alike ISO 19154:2014, 4.18
pulse repetition frequency: Definition: number of times the system (e.g LIDAR) emits pulses over a given time period, usually stated in kilohertz (kHz) ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.53
pushbroom sensor: Definition: sensor that collects a single cross-track image line at one time and constructs a larger image from a set of adjacent lines resulting from the along-track motion of the sensor ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.68
Pythagorean metric <Euclidean geometry>: Definition: distance measure on a 𝔼n coordinate space using a root-mean sum of the differences between the individual coordinate offsets ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.78
qualified cardinality <OWL>: Definition: cardinality restriction that applies to literals or individuals that are connected by a data property or an object property and are instance of the qualifying range [datatype or class] OWL
quality: Definition: degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements ISO 9000:2005
quality: Definition: totality of characteristics of a product that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs ISO 19101:2002
quality: Definition: degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfils requirements ISO 9000:2015, 3.6.2, modified – original Notes have been deleted.
quality assessment procedure: Definition: procedure by which a customer assures that its suppliers are capable of consistently delivering the product to the required quality ISO/TS 19158:2012, 4.5
quality assessment result: Definition: output of the quality assessment procedure ISO/TS 19158:2012, 4.6
quality assurance: Definition: part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled ISO 9000:2005
quality assurance level: Definition: assurance level achieved is an outcome of the quality assessment procedure ISO/TS 19158:2012, 4.8
quality control: Definition: part of quality management focussed on fulfilling quality requirements ISO 9000:2005
quality schema: Definition: conceptual schema defining aspects of quality for geographic data ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.29
quantity: Definition: property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 1.1, modified — The Notes have been changed.
radar cross section: Definition: measure of the capability of the object to scatter the transmitted radar power ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.23
radiance: Definition: at a point on a surface and in a given direction, the radiant intensity of an element of the surface, divided by the area of the orthogonal projection of this element on a plane perpendicular to the given direction ISO 80000-7:2008, 7-15
radiant energy: Definition: energy emitted, transferred or received as radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, 7-6
range: Definition: set of all values a function f can take as its arguments vary over its domain ISO 19136:2007
range: Definition: acceptable target values of a function ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.80
range <coverage>: Definition: set of feature attribute values associated by a function with the elements of the domain of a coverage ISO 19123:2005
range <ontology>: Definition: restriction to constrain the class of objects which participate in a subject-predicate-object triple ISO 19150-4:2019(E), 3.1.22
range <SAR>: Definition: distance between the antenna and a distant object, synonymous with slant range ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.54
range bin <SAR>: Definition: group of radar returns that all have the same range ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.69
range direction <SAR>: Definition: direction of the range vector ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.70
range resolution: Definition: spatial resolution in the range direction ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.71
range vector: Definition: vector from the antenna to a point in the scene ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.72
raster: Definition: usually rectangular pattern of parallel scanning lines forming or corresponding to the display on a cathode ray tube ISO 19123:2005
real world effect: Definition: actual result of using a service, rather than merely the capability offered by a service provider OASIS RAF, 3.2.3
realization: Definition: semantic relationship between classifiers, wherein one classifier specifies a contract that another classifier guarentees to carry out Booch 1999(Adapted from)
realization <UML>: Definition: specialized abstraction relationship between two sets of model elements, one representing a specification (the supplier) and the other representing an implementation of the latter (the client) UML 2
receiver: Definition: hardware used to detect and record signals ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.59
record: Definition: finite, named collection of related items (objects or values) ISO 19107:2003
rectified grid: Definition: grid for which there is an affine transformation between the grid coordinates and the coordinates of an external coordinate reference system ISO 19123:2005
reference data: Definition: data accepted as representing the universe of discourse, to be used as reference for direct external quality evaluation methods ISO 19114:2003, 4.9
reference ellipsoid: Definition: geometric reference surface embedded in 3D Euclidean space formed by an ellipse that is rotated about a main axis ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.22
reference environment: Definition: geographical and cultural environment in which a concept is conceived and perceived ISO 19104:2016, 4.23
reference frame: Definition: parameter or set of parameters that realize the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a coordinate system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.52
reference information: Definition: information that is used as an identifier for the content information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
reference language: Definition: language specified for the development and description of concepts ISO 19104:2016, 4.24
reference language subregister: Definition: subregister in a hierarchical multi-lingual terminology register that contains only terminological entries in the reference language ISO 19104:2016, 4.25
reference model: Definition: framework for understanding significant relationships among the entities of some environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
reference standard: Definition: measurement standard designated for the calibration of other measurement standards for quantities of a given kind in a given organization or at a given location ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.28
reference vocabulary: Definition: vocabulary that is the basis for terminological comparisons with one or more other vocabularies ISO 19146:2018(E), 3.1.24
referenceable grid: Definition: grid associated with a transformation that can be used to convert grid coordinate values to values of coordinates referenced to an external coordinate reference system ISO 19123:2005
refinement <UML>: Definition: relationship that represents a fuller specification of something that has already been specified at a certain level of detail ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
refreshment: Definition: digital migration where the effect is to replace a media instance with a copy that is sufficiently exact that all archival storage hardware and software continues to run as before ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2
register: Definition: set of files containing identifiers assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.9
register manager: Definition: organization to which management of a register has been delegated by the register owner ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.10
register owner: Definition: organization that establishes a register ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.11
registration: Definition: assignment of a permanent, unique, and unambiguous identifier to an item ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.12
registry: Definition: information system on which a register is maintained ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.13
relationship <UML>: Definition: semantic connection among model elements UML 1
relative accuracy: Definition: closeness of the relative positions of features in a dataset to their respective relative positions accepted as or being true ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.32
relative position: Definition: position of a point with respect to the positions of other points ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.25
relative positional accuracy: Definition: closeness of coordinate difference value to the true or accepted value in a specified reference system ISO 19116:2004
relocate <reference>: Definition: update a reference to a resource that has been moved or copied to a new location ISO 19142:2010
remediation: Definition: act or process of correcting a fault or deficiency ISO 19153:2014, 4.41
remote resource: Definition: resource that is not under the direct control of a system ISO 19142:2010
remote sensing: Definition: collection and interpretation of information about an object without being in physical contact with the object ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.33
render: Definition: conversion of digital graphics data into visual form ISO 19117:2012, 4.27
rendered address: Definition: postal address represented as an image in the form of a rectangular shape comprising text lines in which postal address components are separated and ordered ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.24
rendered postal address: Definition: postal address represented as an image in the form of a rectangular shape comprising text lines in which postal address components are separated and ordered ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.24
rendering parameter: Definition: information item that defines the context for postal address rendering ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.25
rendition instruction: Definition: operation which either formats, abbreviates, re-arranges or separates elements within address lines when rendering a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.26
repackaging: Definition: digital migration in which there is an alteration in the packaging information of the AIP ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2
replication: Definition: digital migration where there is no change to the packaging information, the content information, and the PDI ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
representation information: Definition: information that maps a data object into more meaningful concepts ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to examples 1 and 2.
request: Definition: invocation of an operation by a client ISO 19128:2005
required relationship: Definition: explicit association between either spatial units, or between basic administrative units ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.17
resolution (of a sensor): Definition: smallest difference between indications of a sensor that can be meaningfully distinguished ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.34
resolution (of imagery): Definition: smallest distance between two uniformly illuminated objects that can be separately resolved in an image ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.61
resolution <coordinate>: Definition: unit associated with the least significant digit of a coordinate ISO 6709:2008
resolve: Definition: retrieval of a referenced resource and its insertion into a server-generated response document ISO 19142:2010
resource: Definition: asset or means that fulfils a requirement ISO 19115:2003, 4.10
resource: Definition: identifiable asset or means that fulfils a requirement ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.17
resource (ICT): Definition: digital item controlled by a system participant ISO 19132:2007
resource <GeoDRM>: Definition: entity that is protected by a licence ISO 19153:2014, 4.40
response: Definition: result of an operation returned from a server to a client ISO 19128:2005
response model: Definition: schema defining the properties of each feature type that can appear in the response to a query operation ISO 19142:2010
responsibility: Definition: formal or informal obligation to do something ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.18
restriction: Definition: formal or informal obligation to refrain from doing something ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.19
retirement: Definition: declaration that a register item is no longer suitable for use in the production of new data ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.14
return <LIDAR>: Definition: sensed signal from an emitted laser pulse which has reflected off of an illuminated scene of interest ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.62
rhumb line: Definition: curve which crosses meridians of longitude at a constant bearing ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.79
right: Definition: action, activity or class of actions that a system participant may perform on or using an associated resource. ISO 19132:2007
right <GeoDRM>: Definition: permission to act that makes a party entitled to act with respect to all or part of a specified resource under the terms of the license ISO 21000-5, modified
rights holder: Definition: principal that owns the right to license rights to a resource ISO 19153:2014, 4.43
rights management: Definition: control, management, allocation and tracking of the rights granted to system participants ISO 19132:2007
rights management <GeoDRM>: Definition: tracking and controlling the use of content, rights, licences, and associated information Thomson Reuters, “Law Dictionary,” FindLaw, for legal professionals, 2010, available at <http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com/>, Modified
ring: Definition: simple curve which is a cycle ISO 19107:2003
risk: Definition: value of what can be lost if infringement occurs ISO 19153:2014, 4.45
robustness testing: Definition: process of determining how well an IUT processes data which contains errors ISO 19105:2000
route: Definition: sequence of links and / or partial links that describe a path, usually between two positions, within a network ISO 19133:2005
route instruction: Definition: information needed at a point along a route in a network that allows that route to be traversed ISO 19133:2005
route traversal: Definition: process of following a route ISO 19133:2005
routing: Definition: finding of optimal (minimal cost function) routes between locations in a network ISO 19133:2005
row-major form <mathematics, computer science>: Definition: storage mechanism for multidimensional array in linear memory, organized such that each row is stored in consecutive locations and such that the complete rows are the stored one after the other and continuing on is a similar fashion of each additional index ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.81
sampling feature: Definition: feature which is involved in making observations concerning a domain feature ISO 19156:2011, 4.17
satellite ephemeris: Definition: numerical representation of the trajectory of the centre of mass of an Earth orbiting artificial satellite expressed in an Earth centred terrestrial reference frame 19161-1:2020(E), 3.4
satellite positioning system: Definition: positioning system based upon receipt of signals broadcast from satellites ISO 19116:2019(E), 3.27
scan: Definition: set of sequential frames collected during a single full cycle of a mechanical scanner representing a cross-track excursion from one side of the field of regard to the other and back again. ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.63
scan mode: Definition: SAR mode in which the antenna beam is steered to illuminate a swath of ground at various angles relative to flight path throughout the collection ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.77
ScanSAR mode: Definition: special case of stripmap mode that uses an electronically steerable antenna to quickly change the swath being imaged during collection to collect multiple parallel swaths in one pass ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.78
scattering matrix: Definition: matrix characterizing the scattering process at the target of interest for polarimetric SAR ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E), 3.30
scene: Definition: spectral radiances of a view of the natural world as measured from a specified vantage point in space and at a specified time ISO 22028-1:2016, 3.35
schema: Definition: formal description of a model ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.34
schema <XML Schema>: Definition: collection of schema components within the same target namespace ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.53
schema document <XML Schema>: Definition: XML document containing schema component definitions and declarations ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.54
schema model: Definition: representation model for storing schemas ISO 19118:2011, 4.29
seamless mobility: Definition: continuous and intuitive access to various information sources and services regardless of protocols, networks, frequency bands, and physical environments ISO 19154:2014, 4.21
second geodetic problem <differential geometry>: Definition: problem that given two points, determines the initial direction and length of a geodesic that connects them ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.82
segment: Definition: point or polygon from a set ISO 19132:2007
segment <postal address>: Definition: postal address component comprising a named group of related postal address constructs and/or postal address elements with a specific defined function ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.19
segment <topology, geometry>: Definition: minimal subpart of a geometry, usually as part of a composite ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.83
semantic type: Definition: category of objects that share some common characteristics and are thus given an identifying type name in a particular domain of discourse. ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.55
Semantic Web: Definition: Web of data with meaning ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.35
semi-major axis: Definition: semi-diameter of the longest axis of an ellipsoid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.53
semi-minor axis: Definition: semi-diameter of the shortest axis of an ellipsoid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.54
sensor: Definition: element of a measuring system that is directly affected by a phenomenon, body, or substance carrying a quantity to be measured ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 3.8, modified — EXAMPLES and NOTE deleted.
sensor model: Definition: description of the radiometric and geometric characteristics of a sensor ISO 19101-2:2018(E), 3.37
sensor model <geopositioning>: Definition: mathematical description of the relationship between the three-dimensional object space and the two-dimensional plane of the associated image produced by a sensor ISO/TS 19130:2010
sensor model <geopositioning>: Definition: mathematical description of the relationship between the three-dimensional object space and the 2D plane of the associated image produced by a sensor ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.80
sequence: Definition: finite, ordered collection of related items (objects or values) that may be repeated ISO 19107:2003
server: Definition: a particular instance of a service ISO 19128:2005
service: Definition: distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.12
service broker: Definition: application that combines or offers lower-level services for specific user needs ISO 19132:2007
service chain: Definition: sequence of services where, for each adjacent pair of services, occurrence of the first action is necessary for the occurrence of the second action ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.13
service interface: Definition: shared boundary between an automated system or human being and another automated system or human being ISO 19101:2002, 4.27
service metadata: Definition: metadata describing the operations and geographic information available at a server ISO 19128:2005
service oriented architecture: Definition: software architecture consisting of coupled services ISO 19132:2007
set: Definition: unordered collection of related items (objects or values) with no repetition ISO 19107:2003
settlement: Definition: general lowering in level of a moving vessel, relative to what its level would be were it motionless, due to the regional depression of the surface of the water in which the ship moves IHO Hydrographic Dictionary S-32, Fifth Edition
sexagesimal degree: Definition: angle represented by a sequence of values in degrees, minutes and seconds ISO 6709:2008
shell: Definition: simple surface which is a cycle ISO 19107:2003
sidescan SONAR: Definition: type of SONAR that transmits sound energy from the sides of a towfish, creating a fanlike beam on either side that sweeps the seafloor, and continuously records return signals, creating a “picture” of the seafloor and any other objects ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.69
signature: Definition: text string that specifies the name and parameters required to invoke an operation ISO 19110:2016, 3.9
simple: Definition: property of a geometric object that its interior is isotropic (all points have isomorphic neighbourhoods), and hence everywhere locally isomorphic to an open subset of a Euclidean coordinate space of the appropriate dimension ISO 19107:2003
simple <topology, geometry>: Definition: homogeneous (all points have isomorphic neighborhoods) and with a simple boundary ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.84
simple feature: Definition: feature restricted to 2D geometry with linear interpolation between vertices, having both spatial and non spatial attributes ISO 19125-1:2004
simple register: Definition: register containing items of a single item class ISO 19104:2016, 4.27
simple symbol: Definition: symbol that is neither compound nor parameterized ISO 19117:2012, 4.28
single beam SONAR: Definition: type of SONAR that produces one narrow SONAR beam directly beneath the transducer/receiver and receives a return echo from the closest object ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.70
slant plane <SAR>: Definition: plane that passes through the sensor velocity vector and the GRP ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.81
slant range <SAR>: Definition: magnitude of the range vector ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.82
slant range direction <SAR>: Definition: direction of the range vector ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.70
slope: Definition: rate of change of elevation with respect to curve length ISO 19133:2005
smile distortion: Definition: centre wavelength shift of spectral channels caused by optical distortion ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.33
solid: Definition: 3-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a region of Euclidean 3 space ISO 19107:2003
SONAR: Definition: sensor that uses sound navigation and ranging technology for sensing ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.72
SONAR processing system: Definition: system that processes the SONAR signals to determine the geopositions of objects sensed by SONAR sensors ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.71
Sound Navigation And Ranging: Definition: sensor that uses sound navigation and ranging technology for sensing ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.72
source: Definition: document providing legal and/or administrative facts on which the land administration (LA) object [right, restriction, responsibility, basic administrative unit, party, or spatial unit] is based ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.21
source document: Definition: document that contains the original definition of a resource ISO 19150-2:2015, 4.1.34
source reference: Definition: reference to the source of an item that has been adopted from a source external to the register ISO 19135:2005
spacestamp: Definition: value of a spatial attribute of an object at a given time, at which time the object’s state is measured and recorded ISO 19132:2007
spatial attribute: Definition: feature attribute describing the spatial representation of the feature by coordinates, mathematical functions and/or boundary topology relationships ISO 19117:2012, 4.29
spatial dimension, adj <topology, geometry>: Definition: number of independent decisions in a coordinate system required to locate a position ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.85
spatial dimension, noun <topology, geometry>: Definition: any of the independent decisions made in a coordinate system to locate a position ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.86
spatial object: Definition: object used for representing a spatial characteristic of a feature ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.87
spatial operator: Definition: function or procedure that has at least one spatial parameter in its domain or range ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.88
spatial position: Definition: direct position that is referenced to a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate reference system ISO 19148:2012, 4.22
spatial reference: Definition: description of position in the real world ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.56
spatial reference system: Definition: system for identifying position in the real world ISO 19112:2003
spatial source: Definition: source with the spatial representation of one (part of) or more spatial units ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.22
spatial unit: Definition: single area (or multiple areas) of land and/or water, or a single volume (or multiple volumes) of space ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.23
spatial unit group: Definition: any number of spatial units, considered as an entity ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.24
spatio-parametric coordinate reference system: Definition: compound coordinate reference system in which one constituent coordinate reference system is a parametric coordinate reference system and one is a spatial coordinate reference system. ISO 19111-2:2009
spatio-parametric coordinate reference system: Definition: compound coordinate reference system in which one constituent coordinate reference system is a spatial coordinate reference system and one is a parametric coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.57
spatio-parametric-temporal coordinate reference system: Definition: compound coordinate reference system comprised of spatial, parametric and temporal coordinate reference systems ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.58
spatio-temporal coordinate reference system: Definition: compound coordinate reference system in which one constituent coordinate reference system is a spatial coordinate reference system and one is a temporal coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.59
spatiotemporal domain <coverage>: Definition: domain composed of spatiotemporal objects ISO 19123:2005
spatiotemporal object: Definition: object representing a set of direct positions in space and time ISO 19123:2005
specification <UML>: Definition: declarative description of what something is or does ISO/IEC 19501:2005 (Adapted from)
spectral resolution: Definition: specific wavelength interval within the electromagnetic spectrum ISO 19115-2:2009
spectral responsivity: Definition: responsivity per unit wavelength interval at a given wavelength IEC 60050-845
spectral width: Definition: specific wavelength interval within the electromagnetic spectrum ISO 19115-2:2019(E), 3.28
spherical coordinate system: Definition: three-dimensional coordinate system with one distance measured from the origin and two angular coordinates, commonly associated with a geodetic coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2007
spherical coordinate system: Definition: three-dimensional coordinate system in Euclidean space in which position is specified by one distance coordinate and two angular coordinates ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.60
spheroid: Definition: closed surface that differs only slightly from that of a sphere ISO 19162:2019(E), 3.1.46
spotlight mode <SAR>: Definition: SAR mode in which the antenna beam is steered to illuminate one area during collection ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.83
squat: Definition: effect that causes a vessel moving through water to create an area of lowered pressure under its bottom that increases the effective draught (i.e. lowers the vessel in the water) Implementation Specification — a Draught Information System for the St. Lawrence Seaway, 4.18, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added.
squint angle <SAR>: Definition: angle measured from the broadside direction vector to the range direction vector in the slant plane ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.84
standalone quality report: Definition: free text document providing fully detailed information about data quality evaluations, results and measures used ISO 19157:2013, 4.23
standardization: Definition: activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 1.1
stare: Definition: scanning mode consisting of a step stair pattern ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.74
start node: Definition: node in the boundary of an edge that corresponds to the start point of that edge as a curve in a valid geometric realization of the topological complex in which the edge is used ISO 19107:2003
start node <topology, graph theory>: Definition: node in the boundary of an edge that corresponds to the start point of that edge as a curve ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.89
start point: Definition: first point of a curve ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.90
state (of an object): Definition: persistent data object reflecting the interal values of all the member attributes or measurable descriptions of a object at a given time ISO 19132:2007
static conversion: Definition: offline process to perform a global conversion of a large amount of data ISO 19145:2013, 4.1.17
static coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system that has a static reference frame ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.61
static datum: Definition: reference frame in which the defining parameters exclude time evolution ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.62
static reference frame: Definition: reference frame in which the defining parameters exclude time evolution ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.62
stereotype <UML>: Definition: new type of modeling element that extends the semantics of the metamodel ISO/IEC 19501
stereotype <UML>: Definition: extension of an existing metaclass that enables the use of platform or domain specific terminology or notation in place of, or in addition to, the ones used for the extended metaclass UML 2
stop point: Definition: location, e.g. a platform, at a transfer node where the transport means stop to enable the traveller to board or alight from the transport means ISO 19147:2015, 3.12
stray light: Definition: electromagnetic radiation that has been detected but did not come directly from the IFOV ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.37
strip adjustment: Definition: adjustment of observations that were made from a strip of aerial or satellite images, or lidar measurements ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.37
stripmap mode <SAR>: Definition: SAR mode in which the antenna beam is fixed throughout the collection of an image ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.85
strong substitutability: Definition: ability for any instance of a class that is a descendant under inheritance or realization of another class, type or interface to be used in lieu of an instance of its ancestor in any context ISO 19107:2003
subcomplex: Definition: complex all of whose elements are also in a larger complex ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.91
sub-element <postal address>: Definition: identifier of either a sub-division of a postal address element value or one of multiple occurrences of an element in a postal address ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.17
subject field: Definition: field of special knowledge ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.2
sublicence: Definition: licence granted by the original licensee to a third party under the grants and condition of the original licence granted to the original licensee by his licensor Derived from Palmer & Dodge, LLP; (FindLaw)
sublicensee: Definition: principal granted a sublicence ISO 19153:2014, 4.47
submission agreement: Definition: agreement reached, between an OAIS and the producer, that specifies a data model, and any other arrangements needed, for the data submission session ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to Note 1 to entry.
submission information package: Definition: information package that is delivered by the producer to the OAIS for use in the construction or update of one or more AIPs and/or the associated descriptive information ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified
submitted language: Definition: language that is not the reference language ISO 19104:2016, 4.29
submitted language subregister: Definition: subregister in a hierarchical multi-lingual terminology register that contains only terminological entries in a single submitted language ISO 19104:2016, 4.30
submitting organization: Definition: organization authorised by a register owner to propose changes to the content of a register ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.15
subordinate concept: Definition: concept which is either a specific concept or a partitive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.14
sub-process: Definition: activity elements of a process ISO/TS 19158:2012, 4.10
subregister: Definition: part of a hierarchical register that contains items from a partition of a domain of information ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.16
sufficient: Definition: capable of enforcing the requirements of a system ISO 19153:2014, 4.48
superordinate concept: Definition: concept which is either a generic concept or a comprehensive concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.13
supersession: Definition: replacement of a register item by one or more new items ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.18
supersession <register>: Definition: declaration that a register item has been retired and replaced by one or more new items ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.17
supplier: Definition: organization or person that provides a product ISO 9000:2005
surface: Definition: 2-dimensional geometric primitive, locally representing a continuous image of a region of a plane ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.57
surface patch: Definition: 2-dimensional, connected geometric object used to represent a continuous portion of a surface using homogeneous interpolation and definition methods ISO 19107:2003
swath: Definition: sensed data resulting from a single flightline of collection ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.38
swath <LIDAR>: Definition: ground area from which return data are collected during continuous airborne LIDAR operation ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.75
sweep SONAR: Definition: type of SONAR that has several single beam transducer/receivers mounted on a boom, which is then operated parallel to the water’s surface and orthogonal to the vessel’s direction of travel ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.76
swipe: Definition: set of sequential frames collected during a single half cycle of a mechanical scanner representing a cross-track excursion from one side of the field of regard to the other ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.77
symbol: Definition: portrayal primitive that can be graphic, audible, or tactile in nature, or a combination of these ISO 19117:2012, 4.31
symbol component: Definition: symbol that is used as a piece of a compound symbol ISO 19117:2012, 4.32
symbol definition: Definition: technical description of a symbol ISO 19117:2012, 4.33
symbol reference: Definition: pointer in a feature portrayal function that associates the feature type with a specific symbol ISO 19117:2012, 4.34
symbol set: Definition: collection of symbols ISO 19117:2012, 4.35
synonymy: Definition: relation between or among terms in a given language representing the same concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.19
Synthetic Aperture Radar: Definition: imaging radar system that simulates the use of a long physical antenna by collecting multiple returns from each target as the actual antenna moves along the track ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.76
system of concepts: Definition: set of concepts structured according to the relations among them ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11
System Under Test: Definition: computer hardware, software and communication network required to support IUT ISO 19105:2000
tag <XML>: Definition: markup in an XML document delimiting the content of an element ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.58
tagged value <UML>: Definition: explicit definition of a property as a name-value pair ISO/IEC 19501
tagged value <UML>: Definition: attribute on a stereotype used to extend a model element UML 2
tangent <differential geometry, calculus>: Definition: direction indicating the instantaneous direction of a curve at a point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.92
tangent plane: Definition: collection of tangent vectors for curves passing through the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.94
tangent space: Definition: collection of tangent vectors for curves passing through the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.94
tangent vector: Definition: first derivative of a curve parameterized by arc length ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.95
tangential curvature vector <differential geometry, geodesy>: Definition: projection of the curvature vector of a curve onto the tangent plane to the surface at the point ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.93
target: Definition: object or person subject to being located ISO 19132:2007
technical dictionary: Definition: collection of terminological entries presenting information related to concepts or designations from one or more specific subject fields ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.1
technical standard: Definition: standard containing the definitions of item classes requiring registration ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.18
technology viewpoint: Definition: viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the choice of technology in that system ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.5
template <postal>: Definition: specification of postal address renderings within a postal address domain ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.20
template <UML>: Definition: parameterized model element UML 2
temporal coordinate: Definition: distance from the origin of the interval scale used as the basis for a temporal coordinate system ISO 19108:2002
temporal coordinate reference system: Definition: coordinate reference system based on a temporal datum ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.63
temporal coordinate system: Definition: temporal reference system based on an interval scale on which distance is measured as a multiple of a single unit of time ISO 19108:2002
temporal coordinate system <geodesy>: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate system where the axis is time ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.64
temporal datum: Definition: datum describing the relationship of a temporal coordinate system to an object ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.65
temporal feature association: Definition: feature association characterized by a reference to time or to a temporal constraint ISO 19108:2002
temporal feature operation: Definition: feature operation specified as a function of time ISO 19108:2002
temporal position: Definition: location relative to a temporal reference system ISO 19108:2002
temporal reference system: Definition: reference system against which time is measured ISO 19108:2002
temporal sequence: Definition: ordered sequence of timestamps associated to a sequence of representations of the same object ISO 19132:2007
term: Definition: verbal designation of a general concept in a specific subject field ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.3
term equivalent: Definition: term in another language which designates the same concept ISO 19104:2016, 4.35
term instance classification: Definition: classification identifying the status of a term ISO/TS 19104:2008
terminological data: Definition: data related to concepts or their designations ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.1
terminological dictionary: Definition: collection of terminological entries presenting information related to concepts or designations from one or more specific subject fields ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.1
terminological entry: Definition: part of a terminological data collection that contains the terminological data related to one concept ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.2, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.
terminological entry identifier: Definition: unique, unambiguous, and linguistically neutral identifier assigned to a terminological entry ISO 19104:2016, 4.38
terminological record: Definition: structured collection of terminological data relevant to one concept ISO/TS 19104:2008
terminological record identifier: Definition: unique, unambiguous, and linguistically neutral identifier assigned to a terminological record ISO/TS 19104:2008
terminology register: Definition: register of terminological entries ISO 19104:2016, 4.39
terminology repository: Definition: data store or document in which terms and their associated definitions are stored or recorded ISO 19104:2016, 4.40
terrestrial reference frame: Definition: realization of a terrestrial reference system (TRS), by specifying its origin, orientation, scale, and its time evolution IERS Conventions 2010
terrestrial reference system: Definition: set of conventions defining the origin, scale, orientation and time evolution of a spatial reference system co-rotating with the Earth in its diurnal motion in space ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.66
tessellation: Definition: partitioning of a space into a set of conterminous subspaces having the same dimension as the space being partitioned ISO 19123:2005
testing laboratory: Definition: organization that carries out the conformance assessment process ISO 19105:2000
thematic data: Definition: gridded data whose attribute values describe characteristics of a grid coverage feature in a grid format ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.14
Thiessen polygon: Definition: polygon that encloses one of a set of points on a plane so as to include all direct positions that are closer to that point than to any other point in the set ISO 19123:2005
timestamp: Definition: value of time at which an object’s state is measured and recorded ISO 19132:2007
topographic LIDAR: Definition: LIDAR system used to measure the topography of the ground surface ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.80
topological boundary: Definition: boundary represented by a set of oriented topological primitives of smaller topological dimension that limits the extent of a topological object ISO 19107:2003
topological boundary <geometry, topology>: Definition: boundary represented by a set of oriented topological primitives of smaller topological dimension that limits the extent of a topological object, or by the geometric realization of such a set ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.96
topological complex: Definition: collection of topological primitives that is closed under the boundary operations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.97
topological dimension: Definition: minimum number of free variables needed to distinguish nearby direct positions within a geometric object from one another ISO 19107:2003
topological expression: Definition: collection of oriented topological primitives which is operated upon like a multivariate polynomial ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.98
topological object: Definition: spatial object representing spatial characteristics that are invariant under continuous transformations ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.99
topological primitive: Definition: topological object that represents a single, non-decomposable element ISO 19107:2003
topological primitive <geometry, topology>: Definition: topological object that represents a single, homogeneous, non-decomposable element ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.100
topological solid: Definition: 3-dimensional topological primitive ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.101
traceability chain: Definition: sequence of measurement standards and calibrations that is used to relate a measurement result to a reference ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.42
tracking: Definition: monitoring and reporting the location of a vehicle ISO 19133:2005
tracking device: Definition: device (tag) carried by a vehicle to allow it to determine its location or to be sensed by external objects of known location ISO 19132:2007
trajectory: Definition: path of a moving point described by a one parameter set of points ISO 19141:2008
transaction: Definition: set of actions joined into the same unit of work, such that the actions either succeed or fail as a unit Web Service Glossary, modified
transaction time: Definition: time when a fact is current in a database and may be retrieved Jensen et al. (1994)
transducer: Definition: device that converts one type of energy to another ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.78
transfer: Definition: person’s activity to switch between transport modes, transport networks or transport means ISO 19147:2015, 3.13
transfer link: Definition: link that connects transfer nodes or stop points within a transfer node ISO 19147:2015, 3.14
transfer node: Definition: location that facilitates transfers between transport modes, transport networks and/or transport means ISO 19147:2015, 3.15
transfer protocol: Definition: common set of rules for defining interactions between distributed systems ISO 19118:2011, 4.31
transfer unit: Definition: collection of data for the purpose of a data transfer ISO 19118:2011, 4.32
transformation <OAIS>: Definition: digital migration in which there is an alteration to the content information or PDI of an archival information package ISO 14721:2012, 1.7.2, modified — Supporting content has been relocated to an example.
transformation reference epoch: Definition: epoch at which the parameter values of a time-specific coordinate transformation are valid ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.67
transmitter: Definition: component of SONAR that converts an electrical impulse into a sound wave and sends the wave into the water ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.79
transport means: Definition: any type of vehicle, associated with any transport mode, that is used for the transport of persons or goods ISO 19147:2015, 3.16
transport mode: Definition: means that travellers can choose for transport ISO 19134:2007, 4.14, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.
transport network: Definition: physical network infrastructure for mobility of transport means, containing infrastructure and equipment that facilitate traffic management ISO 19147:2015, 3.18
transport service: Definition: service that is offered to a person with a transport demand ISO 19147:2015, 3.19
transportation mode: Definition: means that travellers can choose for transportation ISO 19134:2007
traveller: Definition: person subject to being navigated or tracked ISO 19133:2005
traversable: Definition: condition of a link or turn that allows or restricts all traffic’s traversal, as opposed to a more detailed navigation constraint ISO 19133:2005
traversal <XML>: Definition: using or following an XLink link for any purpose W3C XLink:2001
traversal order: Definition: sequence in which the cells of a grid are enumerated ISO/TS 19129:2009
triangulated irregular network: Definition: tessellation composed of triangles ISO 19123:2005
trip: Definition: instance of a transport service supporting mobility, for example, a specific flight, a specific ferry departure or a specific taxi tour ISO 19147:2015, 3.20
trip pattern: Definition: pre-defined path defined by means of two or more transfer nodes and the links and waypoints in between ISO 19147:2015, 3.21
True Replacement Model: Definition: model using functions whose coefficients are based on a Physical Sensor Model ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.86
trust: Definition: sum total of all mitigating factors with respect to a particular licensee that reduces expected risk ISO 19153:2014, 4.50
tuple: Definition: ordered list of values ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.60
turn: Definition: part of a route or network consisting of a junction location and an entry and exit link for that junction ISO 19133:2005
type <UML>: Definition: stereotyped class that specifies a domain of objects together with the operations applicable to the objects, without defining the physical implementation of those objects UML 1
type coercion <programming>: Definition: conversion of one type of value to a value of a different type with similar content ISO 19107:2019(E), 3.102
ubiquitous geographic information: Definition: geographic information provided to users following the concepts of ubiquitous public access ISO 19154:2014, 4.26
ubiquitous public access: Definition: service that enables end-users to have easy and interoperable access to specific types of data, irrespective of their location or access device, and that match their interest criteria ISO 19154:2014, 4.25
U-code: Definition: condensed representation for a postal address element or sub-element ISO 19160-4:2017(E), 3.16
UML application schema: Definition: application schema written in UML in accordance with ISO 19109 ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.61
UML template: Definition: parameterized model element that describes or identifies the pattern for a group of model elements of a particular type IBM Rational System Developer
uncertainty: Definition: parameter, associated with the result of measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand 0
ungeoreferenced grid: Definition: gridded data that does not include any information that can be used to determine a cell’s geographic coordinate values ISO/TS 19163-1:2016, 4.15
Uniform Resource Identifier: Definition: unique identifier for a resource, structured in conformance with IETF RFC 2396 ISO 19136-1:2020(E), 3.1.62
unit: Definition: defined quantity in which dimensioned parameters are expressed. ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.69
unit of measure: Definition: reference quantity chosen from a unit equivalence group 0
universal face: Definition: unbounded face in a 2-dimensional complex ISO 19107:2003
universal representation: Definition: universal feature model to be specified without knowing users’ structures or abstraction models ISO 19154:2014, 4.27
universal solid: Definition: unbounded topological solid in a 3-dimensional complex ISO 19107:2003
universe of discourse: Definition: view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.38
unqualified cardinality <OWL>: Definition: cardinality restriction that applies to all literals or individuals that are connected by a data property or an object property OWL
user: Definition: active object that initiates service requests to the system ISO 19132:2007
utility network: Definition: network describing the legal space of the topology of a utility ISO 19152:2012, 4.1.25
valid time: Definition: time when a fact is true in the abstracted reality Jensen et al. (1994)
validation: Definition: process of assessing, by independent means, the quality of the data products derived from the system outputs CEOS WGCV
value <UML>: Definition: element of a type domain ISO/IEC 19501:2005, 0000_5
value domain: Definition: set of accepted values ISO 19103:2015, 4.37
vector: Definition: quantity having direction as well as magnitude ISO 19123:2005
vector geometry: Definition: representation of geometry through the use of constructive geometric primitives ISO 19107:2003
vehicle: Definition: object subject to being navigated or tracked ISO 19133:2005
vehicle classification: Definition: type of vehicle, based on the nature of its construction or intended purpose. ISO 19133:2005
velocity vector <Radar>: Definition: first derivative of the antenna’s position vector ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.81
verification: Definition: provision of objective evidence that a given item fulfils specified requirements ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.44, modified — Note 6 has been deleted.
verification test: Definition: test developed to prove rigorously whether an IUT is correct ISO 19105:2000
version (temporal): Definition: complete representation of an object at a given instance in time ISO 19132:2007
vertical accuracy: Definition: measure of the positional accuracy of a dataset with respect to a specified vertical datum ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.43
vertical coordinate reference system: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate reference system based on a vertical datum ISO 19111:2007
vertical coordinate reference system: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate reference system based on a vertical reference frame ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.70
vertical coordinate system: Definition: one-dimensional coordinate system used for gravity-related height or depth measurements ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.71
vertical datum: Definition: datum describing the relation of gravity-related heights or depths to the Earth ISO 19111:2007
vertical datum: Definition: reference frame describing the relation of gravity-related heights or depths to the Earth ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.72
vertical reference frame: Definition: reference frame describing the relation of gravity-related heights or depths to the Earth ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.72
vertical reference system: Definition: set of conventions defining the origin, scale, orientation and time evolution that describes the relationship of gravity-related heights or depths to the Earth ISO 19111:2019(E), 3.1.73
vicarious calibration: Definition: post-launch calibration of sensors that make use of natural or artificial sites on the surface of the Earth ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, 4.41
video phase history data: Definition: raw radar return signal information after demodulation ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, 4.48
viewpoint (on a system): Definition: form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring rules, in order to focus on particular concerns within a system ISO/IEC 10746-2, 3.2.7
vocabulary: Definition: terminological dictionary which contains designations and definitions from one or more specific subject fields ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.2
waypoint: Definition: location on the network that plays a role in choosing candidate routes potentially satisfying a routing request ISO 19133:2005
Web: Definition: universe of network-accessible information and services ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.40
Web service: Definition: service that is made available through the Web ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.41
whiskbroom sensor: Definition: sensor that sweeps a detector forming cross-track image line(s) and constructs a larger image from a set of adjacent lines using the along-track motion of the sensor’s collection platform ISO 19130-1:2018(E), 3.87
white space: Definition: consecutive sequences of one or more characters that have no glyphs ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011, 3.1.6.48
white space: Definition: sequence of one or more characters that have no glyphs ISO/IEC 9075-2:2016, 3.1.6.77
workflow: Definition: automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules ISO 19119:2016, 4.1.16
World Wide Web: Definition: universe of network-accessible information and services ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.40
zero meridian: Definition: meridian from which the longitudes of other meridians are quantified ISO 19111:2007

These ISO metadata standards are essential for various domains, including geographic information systems (GIS), environmental science, libraries, and data management. They provide a common framework for describing and sharing information about various types of data and resources, making it easier to exchange and understand metadata across different systems and applications.